2. Science magnifies the Lord by examining the awesome beauty and complexity of His World in the light of His Word.

3. Characteristics of Animals All are multicellular eukaryotes All are heterotrophic Most are motile, (can move), at least some part of life cycle Most undergo a period of embryonic development during which 2 or 3 layers of tissues form

4. What is an animal? - Multicellular - Need water, food, and oxygen to survive - Heterotrophs * Carnivores (Predators of Prey) (Eat other animals) * Herbivores (Eat plants) * Omnivores (Eat plants and other animals)

5. The Nature of Animals (Kingdom Animalia) Invertebrates = 95% of all animals Vertebrate an animal with a backbone (5% of animals) - Vertebrata is a subphylum of the phylum Chordata - Vertebra one of the repeating bony units of the backbone

6. Animal Diversity Animalia - Invertebrata = (10 major phyla) - Chordata = (11 th major phylum) * Vertebrata = a subphylum

7. Eleven Major Animal Phyla

8. Symmetry & Body Direction When studying and describing animals, some basic body characteristics are important. These include: Animal Body Symmetry Animal Body Symmetry - the way body parts are arranged around a center point. (Asymmetry, Bilateral Symmetry, Radial Symmetry) Directions on the body Directions on the body - used to describe areas on the body of an animal. (Dorsal, Ventral, Anterior, Posterior)

9. Asymmetry = no symmetry

10. Bilateral and Radial Symmetry Cephalization Cephalization = concentration of nerve tissue and sensory organs at the anterior end of a bilateral organism

12. Dorsal top surface Anterior front end Posterior hind end Ventral bottom surface Directions on an animal body:

14. Animal Tissue Development Germ tissue layers produce adult organs –Endoderm = develops into gut lining –Mesoderm = develops into muscles and internal body linings –Ectoderm = develops into skin

15. Acoelomates: The flatworm (planarian) is an acoelomate because it does not have a coelom within its mesoderm layer. Its digesitive cavity is surrounded by the endodermal layer.

16. Pseudocoelomates: Roundworms (Nematoda) and rotifers (Rotifera) have a body cavity (coelom) where organs are found and that can serve as a hydrostatic (fluid-filled) skeleton. Their coelom is called a pseudocoelom because it is not completely lined by mesoderm.

17. Coelomates: with a true coelom

18.  All complex animals have a true coelom, including the mollusks, annelids, arthropods, echinoderms and chordates.  They have a true coelom that is completely lined by the mesoderm layer.  The internal organs in a true coelom are more complex, and they are held in place by mesentaries.  In other words, the coelom (white) is completely enclosed within the mesoderm layer (blue).  Coelomates have more complex internal organs and a muscular gut (intestines) derived from the mesoderm.