1. Viruses Not living Have DNA or RNA + protein coat Must reproduce inside a host cell Have receptors on their protein coat for specific cells (ex: Helper T cells and HIV)

2. Review of Animal Kingdom Domains Kingdoms Phyla Classes

3. Domain Archaea Prokaryotic cells Live in extreme environments Kingdom Archaebacteria

4. Domain Bacteria Prokaryotic Familiar forms of bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria

5. Domain Eukarya All organisms with eukaryotic cells Includes all animals, plants, fungi and protists Unicellular or multicellular Heterotrophic or autotrophic

6. Kingdom Fungi Heterotrophic Usually multicellular, but some are unicellular Cell walls made of chitin Predigest food outside the body and absorb it Mushrooms, yeasts, mold, mildew

7. Kingdom Plantae Autotrophic Multicellular Cell walls made of cellulose Trees, flowering plants mosses, ferns, conifers

8. Kingdom Protista Hodgepodge of groups Taxonomists are working on this Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Unicellular or Multicellular Mostly aquatic Include parasites that cause malaria and leishmaniasis, algae, and some that exhibit characteristics of fungi

9. Kingdom Animalia Heterotrophic Multicellular Animals of all types: sponges, jellyfish, worms, mollusks, arthropods like insects, and vertebrates Phylums studied are: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Mollusca,Echinodermata & Chordata as well as the classes of vertebrates

10. Phylum Characteristics Phylum Porifera Types of cells grouped into a body with no symmetry or tissues Sponges Phylum Cnidaria Two germ layers Tissues Two body types:polyp and medusa Stinging cells (nematocysts) Corals, anemones,jellyfish

11. Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Some parasitic, some free-living Acoelomate, bilateral symmetry Protostome development Gastrovascular cavity with one opening Three germ layers Flukes, tapeworms, Planaria

12. Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Parasitic and free-living in soil Cuticle shed periodically Protostome development Three germ layers, bilateral symmetry Pseudocoelomate- body cavity partially lined with mesoderm Ascaris was what we dissected adapted for parasitism, well-developed reproductive system Simple digestive tract with two openings

13. Phylum Mollusca Snails, slugs, octopus, clams, squid Three germ layers true coelom-body cavity lined with mesoderm Not segmented, bilateral symmetry Respiratory system, gills or across mantle cavity Digestive system with two openings Both open and closed circulatory systems Nerve ganglion, simple nervous systems (except cephalopods) Dissected the clam

14. Phylum Arthropoda Most successful phylum Three subgroups:crustaceans like lobster and shrimp, insects & arachnids or spiders ticks and mites Exoskeleton Three germ layers Coelom Flight and other adaptations Jointed appendages Open circulatory system Excretory adaptations Complete digestive system

15. Phylum Echinidermate Deuterostome development Water vascular system Inner skeleton of plates of calcium Starfish

16. Phylum Chordata Two groups are not vertebrates:tunicates and lancelets All chordates have: dorsal, hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches,and a post-anal tail All classes of remaining chordates have vertebrae All coelomates, three germ layers, well developed body systems

17. Vertebrates-Fish Some fish groups have cartilage skeletons Most have bony skeletons Class Chondricthyes have cartilage skeletons Class Osteichthyes has bony skeletons Gills and excretory system, lateral line, swim bladder adapts them to an aquatic life Sharks, walleye, tuna, manta rays

18. Vertebrates-Amphibians Adapted for water and land Must be near water to reproduce Frogs, caecilians, salamanders Moist skin Breathe via skin and small lungs Kidney and excretory system Sexual reproduction –external fertilization Class Amphibia

19. Vertebrates-Reptiles Dry scaly skin Amniote egg allows reproduction with no water needed Ectothermic-use heat from the environment to warm them Lizards, snakes Class Reptilia Heat-sensing organs for finding prey

20. Vertebrates-Birds Class Aves All birds, including flightless birds Air spaces, feathers, keel for flight Evolved from reptiles Endothermic- metabolism provides heat to warm the body

21. Vertebrates-Mammals Class Mammalia Diaphragm Mammary glands Fur or hair Endothermic Larger brain than other classes of vertebrates