1. HONORS BIOLOGY 2A Motzko
GENETIC TECHNOLOGY
HONORS BIOLOGY 2A
Motzko

2. Constantine Fahlberg - Saccharin (1879)

3. James Schlatter - Aspartame (1965)

4. Percy Spencer -Microwave Oven (1945)

5. John Harvey Kellogg - Corn Flakes (1899)

6. Alexander Fleming - Penicillin (1927)

7. Werner Arber(1969) 1st To Isolate Restriction Endonucleases (Enzymes)

8. Restriction Endonucleases

9. Restriction Endonucleases
Enzymes that cut DNA at specific locations on the strand known as restriction sites
Naturally produced by bacteria to protect them against viruses
Restriction sites differ depending upon the sequence of nucleotides
When restriction enzymes cut the DNA strand they can leave either “blunt ends” or unpaired nucleotides called “sticky ends”

10. Restriction Enzymes digest/“cut” the restriction sites on DNA strands based upon specific 3D structure

12. Sticky Ends Allow Restriction Enyzmes To Assist In The Creation Of Recombinant DNA

13. Boyer & Cohen (1973) – First to create recombinant DNA using restriction enzymes

14. Splicing The Genes Into The Plasmid

16. pGLO Plasmid

17. APPLICATIONS OF RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES
Genetic Recombination/Creating of Genetically Modified Organsisms (GMO’s)
DNA Fingerprinting
Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR)
Microarray Chips Contructed Using Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

18. PART ONE: DNA FINGERPRINTING

24. PART 2 Polymerase Chain Reactions

25. Why Use PCR?
Allows for amplification of genes for use in recombinant DNA (gene splicing) or isolation of sequences in DNA fingerprinting

26. Required Ingredients For PCR
DNA
Primers (short sequences)
Taq Polymerase
Thermal Cycler

28. PART 3: Microarrays and GWAS

30. PART FOUR: CLONING