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Aadhaar-enabled Direct Benefits Transfer Architecture
Unique Identification Authority of India July 22, 2013 1
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Structure of the Presentation
Basic Concepts Aadhaar Payments System (APB) What is APB? Pre-requisites for APB Readiness APB Processes Roles & Responsibilities Aadhaar Enabled Payment Systems (AEPS) What is AEPS? Pre-requisites for AEPS Readiness AEPS Processes Roles & Responsibilities 2
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Basic Terms/Concepts (1/2)
Aadhaar Payments Bridge (APB) – A common infrastructure through which money can be transferred to beneficiaries of various govt. Schemes using just the Aadhaar number and amount Micro-ATM – A standard handheld device for BC- based transactions capable of using UIDAI’s authentication system Aadhaar Enabled Payments System (AEPS) – An inter-operable network using which people can conduct basic banking transactions through BCs by using online biometric authentication of UIDAI 3
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Basic Terms/Concepts (2/2)
Authentication – Matching of Aadhaar no. and biometrics with the data maintained in the UIDAI’s back-end system to enable residents to prove their identity electronically for availing services and benefits Sponsor Bank – Bank where the State/ District maintains their account Destination Bank – Bank where the beneficiary account is maintained 4
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Enrolment Status Phase I – (1/2)
State Name District Name Total Population Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Last week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Current Week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Current Week) % of Population Covered Chandigarh 837625 841807 4182 79.8% Daman & Diu Daman 190855 100922 101240 318 53.0% Delhi North East 2540 64.7% North West Delhi 21160 88.3% Haryana Ambala 838609 850867 12258 74.8% Sonipat 973548 985541 11993 66.6% Jharkhand Hazaribagh 15655 68.3% Ramgarh 949159 653921 663727 9806 69.9% Ranchi 14814 68.7% Seraikela-Kharsawan 659834 669838 10004 63.0% Karnataka Dharwad 28149 65.2% Madhya Pradesh Hoshangabad 6326 84.2% Maharashtra Amravati 34556 71.9% Mumbai 114131 73.4% Nandurbar 865534 899264 33730 54.6% Pune 97225 51.6% Punjab Fatehgarh Sahib 599814 495327 497295 1968 82.9% Gurdaspur 27829 67.7%
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Enrolment Status Phase I – Cont (2/2)
State Name District Name Total Population Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Last week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Current Week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Current Week) % of Population Covered Sikkim East 281293 239986 240898 912 85.6% West 136299 113257 113479 222 83.3% Tripura Dhalai 377988 316641 317755 1114 84.1% North Tripura 693281 537752 538685 933 77.7% South Tripura 875144 717126 717186 60 82.0% West Tripura 985 81.3% Andhra Pradesh Anantapur 727 87.2% Chittoor 23153 89.9% East Godavari 15825 93.3% Hyderabad & Rangareddy 86872 99.7% Daman & Diu Diu 52056 46147 46599 452 89.5% Goa North Goa 817761 718701 725890 7189 88.8% Karnataka Mysore 3900 90.0% Tumkur 3896 89.4% Kerala Pathanamthitta 4341 90.2% Wayanad 816558 731765 733946 2181 Maharashtra Wardha 3489 85.4% Pondicherry 946600 861098 861175 77 91.0% Punjab SBS Nagar 614362 520698 522423 1725 85.0% Madhya Pradesh East Nimar 1371 78.9% Harda 570302 441388 443841 2453 77.8% Total 720586 76.1%
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Enrolment Status Phase II – 1/4
State Name District Name Total Population Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Last week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Current Week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Current Week) % of Population Covered Andhra pradesh Adilabad 10259 81.8% Cuddapah (YSR Kadapa) 44831 78.6% Guntur 21236 88.7% Krishna 14257 87.2% Kurnool 13644 33.1% Nalgonda 12298 57.4% Srikakulam 2002 95.0% Vizianagaram 2379 47.7% Bihar Arwal 699563 33272 37291 4019 5.3% Sheikhpura 634927 57826 79523 21697 12.5% Sheohar 656916 21859 26650 4791 4.1% Chhattisgarh Dhamtari 799199 139886 150325 10439 18.8% Koriya 659039 77364 82535 5171 Delhi Central Delhi 578671 698639 700957 2318 121.1% East Delhi 5595 99.7% North Delhi 883418 808105 810320 2215 91.7% South Delhi 10427 76.4% South West Delhi 4449 83.3% West Delhi 6755 82.0%
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Enrolment Status Phase II – 2/4
State Name District Name Total Population Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Last week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Current Week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Current Week) % of Population Covered Goa South Goa 639962 545774 547212 1438 85.5% Gujarat Anand 306369 319322 12953 15.3% Bhavnagar 511520 519148 7628 18.0% Mahesana 486705 495391 8686 24.4% Valsad 389624 393772 4148 23.1% Himachal Pradesh Kullu 437474 341030 343629 2599 78.5% Solan 576670 424063 425224 1161 73.7% Jharkhand Bokaro 8509 62.8% Khunti 530299 365140 366686 1546 69.1% Lohardaga 461738 304695 308737 4042 66.9% Kerala Alappuzha 9523 84.1% Ernakulam 8263 82.7% Idukki 920987 924707 3720 83.5% Kannur 10222 79.9% Kottayam 14556 81.7% Kozhikode 8480 83.2% Palakkad 21146 79.2% Thiruvananthapuram 7860 78.9% Thrissur 9887 82.5%
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Enrolment Status Phase II – 3/4
State Name District Name Total Population Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Last week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Current Week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Current Week) % of Population Covered Lakshadweep 64429 46411 46433 22 72.1% Madhya Pradesh Bhopal 7195 67.0% Burhanpur 756993 541581 542424 843 71.7% Jabalpur 5163 63.8% Maharashtra Aurangabad (MH) 21347 51.7% Gondiya 734891 745615 10724 56.4% Jalgaon 28553 56.8% Jalna 3514 54.4% Latur 13472 53.2% Ratnagiri 1807 62.5% Odisha Balangir 931529 935661 4132 Cuttack 7373 49.3% Puri 865992 875189 9197 51.5% Sonapur 652107 13465 13930 465 2.1% Puducherry Yanam 55616 25548 25837 289 46.5% Punjab Barnala 596294 450523 454018 3495 76.1% Jalandhar 25420 74.0% Rajasthan Jhunjhunun 976190 994304 18114 Kota 941203 950443 9240 48.7% Pali 696018 721233 25215 35.4%
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Enrolment Status Phase II – 4/4
State Name District Name Total Population Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Last week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Till Current Week) Total Aadhaar Generated (Current Week) % of Population Covered Sikkim North 43354 27690 27843 153 64.2% South 146742 125289 125390 101 85.4% Tamil Nadu Ariyalur 752481 483224 483965 741 64.3% Pudukkottai 896370 897504 1134 55.4% Tiruchirappalli 3954 57.9% Uttar Pradesh Amethi 29952 34682 4730 NA Chitrakoot 990626 37850 40917 3067 4.1% Etawah 362203 368351 6148 23.3% Rae Bareli 86449 95111 8662 2.8% Sant Kabir Nagar 56594 58594 2000 3.4% Shrawasti 80534 86478 5944 7.8% Uttarakhand Bageshwar 259840 25108 25513 405 9.8% Champawat 259315 46213 50246 4033 19.4% Tehri Garhwal 616409 22358 23075 717 3.7% West Bengal Haora 6564 55.6% Koch Bihar 5958 52.3% Himachal Pradesh Bilaspur (HP) 382056 370922 371612 690 96.4% Hamirpur (HP) 454293 469424 470134 710 102.7% Mandi 999518 930175 932462 2287 91.7% Una 521057 512171 512819 648 97.9% Total 599375 59.8%
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Preparatory/One-Time Steps
Government Departments: Digitize Beneficiary database and Seed Aadhaar numbers. This will clean up databases and make departments ready to use APB Banks: Open bank accounts or link existing accounts with Aadhaar number. Populate NPCI’s mapper (Aadhaar No – Bank ID) National Payments Corporation of India: Maintain the Mapping of Aadhaar no and Bank
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Aadhaar Enabled Direct Benefits Transfer
Government Departments / User Agency Banks Central Mapper / NPCI Resident Ensure digitized/electronic database of beneficiaries All Banks communicate Aadhaar no of all AEBA to Central Mapper Open/Link Aadhaar Enabled Bank Account (AEBA) with any bank of choice Seed Aadhaar to clean up databases and act as financial address Maintain an updated Central Mapper and Aadhaar Payment Bridge (APB) Generate payment advise file – Aadhaar no & amount to be transferred Electronically share file with the Sponsor bank of Department Sponsor Bank posts payment advise file to Central Mapper for all OFF-US transactions Facilitate transfer/ settlement across banks Use Aadhaar authentication (AEPS) or other channels to withdraw money Legends: Receive confirmation from Sponsor bank on transfer status / further action Sponsor Bank updates Department and takes corrective action, if any Update Sponsor Bank of status & failures, if any One-time activities Recurring activities
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Aadhaar Payments Bridge – How it works
Govt. Department prepares an electronic file containing Aadhaar no and amount Govt. Department sends the file to the bank where scheme account is maintained Bank sends to Aadhaar Payments Bridge (APB) (owned and operated by NPCI) APB routes money to the concerned banks. Banks credit the money in beneficiaries’ accounts Department can send SMS informing the beneficiary about the money being sent. Banks can also send when the money arrives in the accounts
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APB Process Routing of Aadhaar Payments Bridge will be done basis Institute Identification Number (IIN) provided by National Payments Corportation of India (NPCI) to participant banks Sponsor Banks will upload APB File onto NPCI server File will contain Aadhaar Number, Bank IIN, Amount & Job Referance Number NPCI will process uploaded files, prepare draweee bank files and generate settlement file Settlement file wil be posted to bank accounts with RBI Destination banks can download the incoming files for credit processing after the settlement file has been processed 14
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Advantages of APB to Departments
Removes fakes/ duplicates from the beneficiaries list leading to savings Eases the entire process for transferring benefits as the Govt. just needs to know the Aadhaar numbers of the beneficiaries without seeding bank account details in every scheme database Eliminate Errors/Frauds as the resident is in control of his data at both ends (Department and Bank). Direct linking ( of Domain ID with Bank Account) without Aadhaar is a non-trivial problem. Ensures Scalability as each scheme does not require to populate their database with bank account details. APB is a platform Bank account changes do not affect the transfer systems for various schemes Resident-centric view of payments under various schemes. This will enable weeding out those people who may be availing LPG as well as Kerosene subsidy and benefits of multiple schemes. Digital audit trail & Transparency Real time monitoring and efficient funds & program management
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End-to-end transparency and accountability
Aadhaar linkage in the Government and Bank databases provides end-to-end visibility of subsidy and benefits payments from Government to the beneficiaries. Government Bank Customer Service Point Aadhaar MicroATM 736509 583902 Aadhaar Pension ID Aadhaar Account
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Snapshot of Daily report – available to all stakeholders
Scheme Wise breakup dated Sl No Scheme Name Bank Name District Volume (Nos) Amount(Rs.) 1 BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LPG SUBSIDY State Bank of India Bombay 9,086 3,958,450.79 2 CPSMS Bank of Maharashtra Pune 700.00 3 HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION LPG SUBSIDY 25,652 11,194,546.57 4 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LPG SUBSIDY 20,447 8,829,664.80 5 OLD AGE PENSION Puduchery 48,083 48,093,600.00 6 POST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP FOR OBC STUDENT 19 42,915.00 State Bank of Patiala Shimla 27 1,242,071.00 7 POST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP FOR SC STUDENT ICICI Bank Ltd barnala 8 33,440.00 Indian Bank 148 2,338,154.00 59 2,886,553.00 POST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP FOR ST STUDENT 220,921.00 9 RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL FELLOWSHIP 46 853,600.00 10 UIDAI Canara Bank Chandigarh 18 18.00 Total 103,598 79,694,634.16
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Advantage of APB to Beneficiaries
No need to open multiple accounts. Just open one and link it to Aadhaar. Residents more comfortable in disclosing only the Aadhaar number to Govt. Agencies (e.g. LPG Dealers) rather than bank account details In case of change in bank account, resident does not need to convey account details or change in bank details to each department that he deals with
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Roles and Responsibilities
Central/State Government Banks APB 1. Digitization of Data 2. Aadhaar Seeding with Schemes 3. Educating District/Block/Panchayat Level Officials 4. Preparation of e-Payment Advice 5. Agreement with Banks 1. Open Aadhaar Enabled Bank Account 2. Link Aadhaar with Account Number 3. Integrate with NPCI 4. Update APB Mapper on periodic basis 4. Define Exception Handling Process 5. Define Escalation Matrix 6. Educate Branch Officials 1. Coordinate with State and Central Registrars for Aadhaar Enrolment 2. Ensure timely generation of Aadhaar Numbers 3. Provide Authentication Infrastructure UIDAI 19
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APB – Current Status More than 100 banks live on APB including Cooperative banks and RRBs As of July 15, more than 25 lakh transactions have taken place through APB since Jan 1 with more than Rs. 200 cr. transferred As on date, more than 1.55 cr. Aadhar numbers mapped at NPCI
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APB - Important issues State/ District to monitor that the files uploaded to banks are processed the same day Sponsor Bank is liable to provide a return file to State/ District on a daily basis as NPCI generates a daily file Procedure to be firmed up for records returned basis the reason codes NPCI charges 20 paise per transaction from Sponsor Bank for inter-bank transactions. Number of banks in the country are willing to absorb this charge Push Sponsor Banks to send all transactions including intra- bank through APB in order to ensure end-to-end visibility
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APB - Important issues Aadhaar Numbers don’t start with 0 and 1
State are requested to incorporate Verhoeff algorithm to ensure structural validity of the Aadhaar number
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Structure of the Presentation
Context and Concepts Aadhaar Payments System (APB) What is APB? Pre-requisites for APB Readiness APB Processes Roles & Responsibilities Aadhaar Enabled Payment Systems (AEPS) What is AEPS? Pre-requisites for AEPS Readiness AEPS Processes Roles & Responsibilities 23
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Convenient Cash Withdrawal Through AEPS
Beneficiary approaches a BC of any Bank with her Aadhaar number BC feeds the Aadhaar number, fingerprints and amount in the micro-ATM Aadhaar server authenticates the ID of the resident. After successful Aadhaar authentication, beneficiary can carry out the transaction
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AEPS Process Flow A resident is required to provide their Aadhaar Number and fingerprint impression at the microATM Level Leveraging GPRS Data Connectivity Signal, data packets are transferred to Bank Switch to NPCI to UIDAI in a digitally signed and encrypted manner UIDAI Authentication Server decrypts the data packet and performs a 1:1 match against the Aadhaar Number Based on the matching of fingerprint impression in data packet versus the fingerprint impression in back-end, UIDAI Authentication Server will return a Yes or No response only Using the same route a digitally signed and encrypted response will be sent back to Banks, wherein depending upon the response they can proceed to conclude the financial transaction In case of residents with Biometric Exception, the software deployed by banks at microATM level provides an interface to perform financial transaction after fulfilling the pre-requisite policies in place, thus providing an opportunity to mail electronic trail of data
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Advantages of AEPS Beneficiary can receive money at doorstep
Inter-operable system thereby ensuring customer is not tied to one bank’s BC Network of BCs, bank branches and Post Office can leverage a single biometric authentication system accessible through microATMs Efficiency in public expenditure as no need for banks to separately capture biometrics and develop their own de-duplication and Authentication systems
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Roles and Responsibilities
Banks (AUA) Domain Aggregator (ASA) AEPS 1. Sign Agreement with UIDAI 2. Sign Agreement with ASAs 3. Integrate with ASAs 4. Procurement of microATMs 5. Deployment of BCs 6. Define Escalation Matrix 7. 24X7Automated Monitoring 2. Integrate with UIDAI 3. Define Escalation Matrix 4. Certify AUAs 1. Provide Authentication Infrastructure 2. Define Escalation Matrix 1. Sign Agreements with Banks UIDAI Government 27
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AEPS - Current Status Device specifications frozen in August 2012
More than 10,000 Micro-ATMs deployed by Indiapost/ banks in Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chandigarh, Delhi, Tripura & Maharashtra currently for various schemes Nearly 15 lakh beneficiaries have already received their payments through BCs and online microATMs using Aadhaar biometric authentication Expected to scale to more than 25,000 microATMs by end- August UIDAI is funding 1 lakh microATMs to Rs. 15,000 each
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Other important updates
Ministry of Finance (Department of Expenditure) has notified that banks can be paid commission for DBT transactions The Commission is 1% + 1%
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Three Steps to Enable Direct Cash Transfer
Issue notification to use Aadhaar as Financial Address and Aadhaar Enabled Payment Digitization of data and Linking Aadhaar to Scheme Identifier Notification to Banks on opening Aadhaar Enabled Bank Accounts and Aadhaar Linking
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Aadhaar Payment Bridge
Support from UIDAI Enrolment centers in target districts Banks and Departments are Registrars and can facilitate enrolment Link Aadhaar Aadhaar Enabled Bank Accounts (AEBA) Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS) Aadhaar Payment Bridge (APB) Aadhaar Seeding tools such as SRDH, RASF etc ICT Assistance & Advisory services to State Governments Facilitate Banks for adopting APB & AEPS
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Thank You!
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