1. Warm Up & EQ

2. How do scientists solve problems?
Scientific Method
How do scientists solve problems?

3. Scientific Method
Series of problem-solving procedures that help scientists conduct experiments
Scientific methods are used by scientists to help organize and plan their experiments and investigations.

5. Factors of the Scientific Method
Hypothesis: testable explanation of a situation that can be supported or disproved
Experiment: classified as an organized procedure that involves making observations and measurements to test a hypothesis.

6. Factors of the Scientific Method
Variable: factor that can cause a change in the results of an experiment
Independent variable: the factor that is changed by the experimenter
Dependent variable: a factor that is affected by changes in the independent variable.
Control: factor that does not change when other variable do
used in an experiment to show that the results of an experiment are a result of the condition being tested.

7. Data Two Types of Data Qualitative Data: Express with Numbers
Quantitative Data: Express with Descriptions
Display in graphs (Bar, Line, Circle) and/ or tables
X axis: Independent Variable
Y axis: Dependent Variable

8. Analyze Results
If results are consistent with hypothesis, communicate and publish results.
If results are not consistent with hypothesis, modify experiment.

9. Communicating Results
Lab Reports
Graphs and tables
Models
Theories
Laws

10. Graphs
Line graphs, the independent variable is plotted on the horizontal (x) axis, and the dependent variable is plotted on the vertical (y) axis
Circle graphs show a fixed quantity using slices representing parts of the whole.
Bar graphs represent quantitative data using bars.

11. Models
A scientific model is an idea picture, a system, or a mathematical expression that represents the concept being explained.

12. Section 1.3
Communication in Science
Theories and Laws
A scientific theory is an explanation based on many observations during repeated investigations.
A scientific law is a principle that describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon.

13. Reliable Experiments
Other scientists must be able to repeat the experiment and obtain the same results.
The bigger the sample the more reliable the results.
The more an experiment is preformed the more reliable the results.

14. Assignment
This car will not start.
start
1.What are some possible reasons the car will not start? 2.How would you test your guesses?

15. Tada! The Five Steps of the Scientific Method
Everyday Science
Scientific Method in everyday
Car will not start =____________
Out of gas? = _________________
Adding gas and seeing if car starts = ___________________________
Car doesn’t start = _____________
It wasn’t out of gas = _____________________________ (disproves hypothesis this time)
Tada! The Five Steps of the Scientific Method

16. Everyday Science Scientific Method in everyday
Car will not start =Observation
Out of gas? = Hypothesis
Adding gas and seeing if car starts = Experiment
Car doesn’t start = Data/Results
It wasn’t out of gas =Conclusion/ Revise (disproves hypothesis this time)

17. Assignment: Write a hypothesis for each of the following research problems. Identify the dependent and independent variable for each.  
1. What effect does high temperature have on onion growth rates?
2. What effect does light have on plant growth?
3. What effect do different mouthwashes have on bad breath?
4. What effect does light have on plant growth?

18. Warm Up & EQ What does -ology mean?
What are the meaning of these prefixes:
Meteor- Eco-
Geo- Bio-
Hydro-
EQ:

19. What will we study this semester?
Earth Science
What will we study this semester?

20. The Scope of Earth Science
Section 1.1
Earth Science
The Scope of Earth Science
Earth science can be broken into five major areas of specialization:

21. Major Areas
Geology: the study of materials that make up Earth, the processes that form and change these materials, and the history of the planet and its life-forms
Meteorology: the study of the forces and processes that cause the atmosphere to change and produce weather

22. Major Areas Astronomy: the study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere
Oceanography: the study of Earth’s oceans
Environmental Science: the study of the interactions of organisms and their surroundings

23. There are 4 main earth systems.
Scientists who study Earth have identified four main Earth systems:

24. Systems of Earth Hydrosphere
all the water on Earth, including the water in the atmosphere
Geosphere
the area from the surface of Earth down to its center

25. Systems of Earth Atmosphere
the blanket of gases that surrounds our planet
Biosphere
all organisms on Earth as well as the environments in which they live

26. Earth’s Systems
All of Earth’s systems are interdependent. Notice how water from the hydrosphere enters the atmosphere, falls to the biosphere, and soaks into the geosphere.

27. Measurement
Le Système International d’Unités (SI) is a modern version of the metric system based on a decimal system.

28. SI Unit

29. SI Units
Kelvin = °C +273
Example: 20 °C = 293 K
1000 mL = 1 L

30. Measurement
Density is the measure of the amount of matter that occupies a given space.
Density = mass/volume
The SI units for density are expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), or grams per milliliter (g/mL)
1 cm3 = 1 mL

31. Group Assignment Each group will have one of the Earth’s four systems
Describe each system, include drawings or illustrations
Explain how your system related to the 3 other systems.

32. Homework