1. Partner for progress Safety and quality requirements for mCHP products Falco Thuis Kiwa Gastec Certification falco.thuis@kiwa.nl May 2008

2. © Kiwa 2005 2 Content Part 1: Introducing Kiwa Gastec Certification Part 2: Requirements for mCHP European directives Installation requirements Quality labels Part 3: Introducing Dutch mCHP HRe label

3. © Kiwa 2005 3 Part 1: Introducing Kiwa Gastec Certification Kiwa background Since 1948 Water industry & building products No-nonsense company Develop, Decide, Drive and Deliver Share holder: ABN AMRO Capital Ambition Strong labels in energy, water, building and food # 1 or # 2 in selected niches International group of companies (8 EU, 2 Asia) Growth driven: Organic, Partners and Acquisitions

4. © Kiwa 2005 4 Introducing Kiwa Gastec Certification (2) Kiwa Services Product certification Process/person certification Management system certification Deliver Test equipment Training Technology consultancy Kiwa Markets Water industry – drinking, waste, industry Energy industry – gas, electric, sustainable & renewable energy Building, construction & infrastructure Health care, feed & food Agriculture

5. © Kiwa 2005 5 Introducing Kiwa Gastec Certification (3) Independent company with an international reputation in the field of testing and certifying gas related products and quality/management systems Main office and laboratory in The Netherlands Laboratories in U.K. and Italy Turnover: 12 M€ Employees: +/- 120 Cooperation with international test houses Europe’s market leader in gas

6. © Kiwa 2005 6 Part 2: Requirments for mCHP European Directives Provisions, to be implemented in national legislation for safety Essential safety requirements + scope Only products fulfilling the essential requirements may be placed on the market Manufacturers are free to choose any technical solution that provides compliance Harmonized standards to show compliance (use voluntary) European Product standards draft Fuel cell heating appliance standard mCHP standard to be developed (Cogen Europe & CEN/CENELEC)

7. © Kiwa 2005 7 Requirements for mCHP (2) Applicable European directives Gas Appliance Directive Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive Low Voltage Directive Machinery Directive Pressure Equipment Directive Boiler Efficiency Directive Eco-design Directive (from 2010) Above directives are to ensure safe and energy efficient products

8. © Kiwa 2005 8 Requirements for mCHP (3) Related European directives Cogeneration Directive Energy Performance Building Directive Energie-efficiency en Services Directive Above directives are to stimulate and encourage member states the efficient use of energy using cogeneration and other techniques

9. © Kiwa 2005 9 Requirements for mCHP (4) Introducing Quality labels National oriented Voluntary in use Informing about and assuring quality/performance aspects Can set requirements regarding performance, quality and environment Safety requirements not allowed

10. © Kiwa 2005 10 Requirements for mCHP (5) European examples Germany RAL–UZ 108 Small scale Gas Fired Cogeneration Modules (der blaue engel ) -Scope is engine powered cogeneration up to 30 kWe output -Emissions requirements for NOx and CO -Full load and part load (50%) testing -Required minimum overall efficiency 87% The Netherlands Gaskeur CV-HRe: 2007 - appliances with a nominal gas input up to 70 kW and an electrical output up to and including 2 kW -Only for space heating (DHW under development) -Minimum efficiency 125% -Full load and part load (20%) testing HRe

11. © Kiwa 2005 11 Requirements for mCHP (6) European examples UK PAS 67 Laboratory tests to determine the heating and electrical performance of heat-led micro-cogeneration packages primarily intended for heating dwellings -Intention is energy performance report for mCHP to calculate annual mCHP energy performance (no minimum efficiencies provided) -Scope is max 70 kW thermal output -Full load and part load (10% and 30%) testing The Netherlands Easy connect (draft idea for a future label ) -To guarantee high quality power delivering -To create easy acceptance by utilities -Testing effect of multiple systems on the grid

12. © Kiwa 2005 12 Requirements for mCHP (7) (National) installation requirements Interconnection with fuel system/grid Interconnection with electricity grid -UK => G83 -Germany => VDE 0126 (ENS) -prEN 50438 Flue system design Environmental related emissions; mainly NOx

13. © Kiwa 2005 13 Part 3: Introducing Dutch mCHP HRe label History Developed by Smart Power Foundation (SPF) and provided to Dutch EPK Scope CE marked mCHP appliances mCHP electrical output less then 2 kWe Power/heat ratio minimum 0.1 Testing quality and efficiency Space heating

14. © Kiwa 2005 14 Part 3: Introducing Dutch mCHP HRe label (2) Intention Connection with Gaskeur boiler performance quality label To outperform condensing boilers (max 110% efficiency) Connection to the European Cogeneration Directive (2004/8/EC) Disadvantage (similar to boilers) Measured efficiencies not directly related to the annual energy performance Current data difficult to be used in national EPBD legislation HRe

15. © Kiwa 2005 15 Introducing Dutch mCHP HRe label (3) HRe efficiency shall be minimum 125% Efficiency is the average of full load and part load (20%) efficiency Electricity produced calculated back energy savings using Dutch reference for national power efficiency production (45,6%) Example Energy input (natural gas) ► 100 units Heat output ► 90 units Net power output ► 15 units Calculated energy savings at national energy power production ► 15/0.456=33 units HRe efficiency ► 90 / (100-33) = 134%

16. © Kiwa 2005 16 Introducing Dutch mCHP HRe label (4) HRe efficiency formula Q = energy input P = energy output

17. © Kiwa 2005 17 Introducing Dutch mCHP HRe label (5) Primary Energy Saving (PES) value minimum 20% Overall PES is the average of full load and part load (20%) PES The mCHP power and heat efficiency are compared to European reference efficiency for stand alone heating and power production Example Energy input (natural gas) ► 100 units Heat output ► 90 units Heat efficiency ► 90/100=90% Net power output ► 15 units Power efficiency ► 15/100=15% Reference efficiencies ► 90% (heat) & 45,6% (power) PES value ► 25%

18. © Kiwa 2005 18 Introducing Dutch mCHP HRe label (6) PES formula

19. © Kiwa 2005 19 Introducing Dutch mCHP HRe label (7) Conclusions HRe efficiency thermodynamically not correct Fair comparison to boiler efficiencies under EPK Understandable for Dutch consumers familiar with boiler labels Ready for market Future work Implementation in Eco-design Directive Setup an European test procedure providing parameters to easily adopt in national EPBD programs

20. 6-9-2015 © Kiwa 2005 20 13 June 13 June The Netherland - France 4 0 4 0 Van der Vaart (2x) Van Nistelrooij (1x) Van Persie (1x)

21. © Kiwa 2005 21 Questions ?