1. Unit 4 Careers in Health Care

2. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.2 4:1 Introduction to Health Careers  Education –Secondary Education (High School) –Should include the English, Health Occupations, mathematics, sciences, social studies and computer training.

3. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.3 4:1 Introduction to Health Careers –Health Occupations Education (HOE) –Prepare students for immediate employment –Health Science Occupations, Allied Health Science I, and Medical Science II –Allied Health Science II/Certified Nurse Aide Program

4. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.4 4:1 Introduction to Health Careers (cont)  High School Diploma-has met the minimum state’s requirements for graduation.  General Equivalency Diploma (GED)- substitute for a high school diploma  Student withdrew from high school for whatever reason(s) without graduating.

5. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.5 4:1 Introduction to Health Careers (cont)  Post-Secondary Education-education received after graduating from high school or passing the GED Exam.  Post-Educational Settings:  Technical Schools  Community Colleges  Colleges  Universities

6. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.6 4:1 Types of degrees  Associates Degree (AD)  Awarded by a technical school or community college  2 years to complete prescribe course of study  Coastal Carolina Community College  Fayetteville Technical Community College

7. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.7 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Associates in Art Degree-prepares students to transfer to a college/university who wish to earn a bachelor degree in a liberal arts discipline.  Communication  Education  Psychology  Sociology

8. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.8 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Associates in Science Degree-prepares students to transfer to a college/university who wish to earn a bachelor degree in a science related discipline.  Biology  Chemistry  Nursing  Zoology

9. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.9 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Associates in Fine Arts Degree-prepares students to transfer to a college/university who wish to earn a bachelor degree in a fine arts discipline.  Art  Dance  Drama  Music Education

10. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.10 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Associate in Applied Science (AAS)- 2 year program that provides entry-level employment training in technical areas such as:  Dental Hygiene  Emergency Medical Science  Medical Laboratory Technology

11. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.11 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Diploma Programs- 1 ½ year program that provides entry-level employment training that may be applied towards an AAS Degree Program.  Dental Assisting  Practical Nursing  Surgical Technology

12. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.12 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Certificate Program- 6 months to 1 year program that provides short-term focused entry-level employment training that may be applied towards an AAS Program.  Medical Office Administration  Nursing Assistant

13. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.13 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Bachelor Degree (BA or BS)  Awarded by a college or university  4 years to complete prescribed course of study  East Carolina University  Duke University

14. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.14 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Bachelor of Art Degree-prepares students to earn a bachelor degree in a liberal arts discipline.  Communication  Education  Psychology  Sociology

15. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.15 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Bachelor of Science Degree-prepares students to earn a bachelor degree in a science related discipline.  Biology  Chemistry  Nursing  Zoology

16. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.16 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Master Degree (MA or MS)  Obtained after a Bachelor Degree  Awarded by a college or university  1 to 2 years to complete prescribed course of study  East Carolina University  Duke University

17. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.17 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Doctorate of Education (EDD)  Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD)-oldest  Doctorate of Psychology (PsyD)  Obtained after a Bachelor and Master degrees  4 to 6 years to complete prescribed course of study  East Carolina University

18. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.18 4:1 Types of degrees (cont)  Medical Doctor Degree (MD)  Obtained after a Bachelor Degree  Awarded by a college or university  4 years to complete prescribed course of study (medical school)  East Carolina University  Duke University

19. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.19 Certification, Registration, and Licensure  Purpose-to ensure skill and competency of health care personnel and to protect the consumers and patients.

20. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.20 Certification, Registration and Licensure (cont)  Certification-Issued by professional association or government agency if a person fulfills requirements of education and performance and meets the standards and qualifications established.  Certified Dental Assistant  Certified Laboratory Technician  Certified Medical Assistant

21. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.21 Certification, Registration and Licensure (cont)  Registration-Granted by a regulatory body (professional association or state board) that administers examinations and maintains a registry (list) of qualified personnel.  Registered Dietitian  Registered Respiratory Therapist  Registered Radiologic Technologist

22. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.22 Certification, Registration and Licensure (cont)  Licensure-Government agency authorizes individuals to work in a give occupation.  Complete an approved educational programs  Pass a state board test  Obtain and retain licensure  Physicians, Dentists, Physical Therapists  Registered Nurses, Licensed Practical Nurses

23. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.23 Accrediting Agencies  Purpose-ensures that program of study meets established standards; important to make sure that school has accredited programs before enrolling.  Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)  Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES)

24. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.24 Continuing Education Units (CEUs)  Purpose-required to renew licenses or maintain certification or registration in many states.  Individuals should be aware of the state’s requirements regarding CEUs.

25. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.25 Multicompetent or Multiskilled Workers  New trend in health occupations  Workers perform a variety of occupations  Eliminates need for employing specialist for every aspect of care  Education done on-the-job or through educational programs  EKG Technician and EEG Technologist

26. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.26 Entrepreneur  Individual who organizes, manages, and assumes the risk of a business  Work the direction or guidance of physicians or dentists.  Individuals are well-motivated, self- confident, responsible, and independent  Nurse Practitioners  Physician Assistants

27. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.27 National Health Care Skill Standards (NHCSS)  Purpose-indicate knowledge and skills expected of health care workers.  Health Care Core Standards  Therapeutic/Diagnostic Core Standards  Therapeutic Cluster Standards  Diagnostic Cluster Standards  Information Services Cluster Standards  Environmental Services Cluster Standards

28. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.28 Summary  Different health occupations require different levels of education  Some careers require certification, registration, or licensure  Requirements vary from state to state  Student must obtain information pertinent to an individual state

29. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.29 2:2 Dental Careers  Basic job duties –Health of teeth and soft tissues of mouth –Preventing dental disease –Repairing or replacing diseased or damaged teeth –Treating gingiva (gums) and other supporting structures of the teeth  Places of employment

30. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.30 Dental Careers (continued)  Specialty areas  See Table 2-3 in text  Dentist  Dental hygienist  Dental laboratory technician  Dental assistant

31. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.31 2:3 Diagnostic Services  Basic job duties –Perform tests or evaluations –Aid in detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, or other physical conditions  Places of employment

32. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.32 Diagnostic Careers  See Table 2-4 in text  Electrocardiograph (ECG) technician  Electroencephalographic (EEG) technologist  Electroneurodiagnostic technologist  Medical (clinical) laboratory technologist

33. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.33 Diagnostic Careers (continued)  Medical (clinical) laboratory technician  Medical (clinical) laboratory assistant  Phlebotomist or venipuncture technician  Radiologic technologist  Biomedical equipment technician (BET)

34. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.34 2:4 Emergency Medical Services  Basic job duties –Provide emergency prehospital care –Provide care to victims of accidents, injuries, and sudden illness  Places of employment

35. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.35 Emergency Services Careers  See Table 2-5 in text  First responder (e.g., police, security, individual)  Emergency medical technician basic (EMT-B)  Emergency medical technician defibrillator (EMT-D)

36. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.36 Emergency Services Careers (continued)  Emergency medical technician intermediate (EMT-I)  Emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT-P)

37. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.37 2:5 Health Information and Communication Services  Basic job duties –Maintain complete, accurate patient records –Distribute health information –Research and maintain information –Use computers  Places of employment

38. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.38 Health Information and Communication Careers  See Table 2-6 in text  Medical records administrator  Medical records or health info technician  Medical transcriptionist  Unit secretary/ward clerk/unit coordinator  Medical illustrator  Medical/health sciences librarian

39. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.39 2:6 Hospital/Health Care Facility Services  Basic description –Operate support departments –Includes administration, business office, admitting office, central/sterile supply, and housekeeping –Each department has workers at all levels with varying amounts of education  Places of employment

40. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.40 Hospital/Health Care Facility Careers  See Table 2-7 in text  Health care administrator, health services manager, or chief executive officer (CEO)  Admitting officer/clerk  Central/sterile supply worker  Housekeeping worker/sanitary manager/environmental service worker

41. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.41 2:7 Medical Careers  Basic description –Includes physicians and those who work under their supervision –Involved with diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases and disorders of the human body  Places of employment

42. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.42 Medical Careers (continued)  See Table 2-8 in text  Physician (doctor): MD, DO, DPM, DC  Physician assistant  Medical assistant

43. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.43 2:8 Mental and Social Services  Basic job duties –Mental or emotional disorders or mental retardation –Social workers assist others to deal with illness, employment, or community problems –Focus: help individuals function to their maximum capacity  Places of employment

44. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.44 Mental and Social Services Careers  See Table 2-10 in text  Psychiatrist  Psychologist  Psychiatric/mental health technician  Social worker (sociologist, caseworker, counselor)

45. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.45 2:9 Mortuary Careers  Basic job duties –Preparation of the body –Perform ceremony that honors the deceased and meets the spiritual needs of the living –Cremation or burial of the remains –Practices and rites vary due to cultural and religious preferences  Places of employment

46. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.46 Mortuary Careers (continued)  See Table 2-11 in text  Funeral director/mortician/undertaker  Embalmer  Mortuary assistant

47. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.47 2:10 Nursing Careers  Basic job duties –Provide care under direction of a physician –Direct care given to meet mental, emotional, and physical needs of the patient  Places of employment

48. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.48 Nursing Careers (continued)  See Table 2-12 in text  Registered nurse (RN)  Licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)  Nurse assistant  Surgical technician/technologist

49. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.49 2:11 Nutrition and Dietary Services  Basic job duties –Recognize importance good nutrition has for health –Promote wellness and optimum health through good nutrition –Provide dietary guidelines used to treat various diseases

50. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.50 Nutrition and Dietary Services (continued)  Basic job duties (continued) –Teach proper nutrition –Prepare food for health care facilities  Places of employment

51. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.51 Nutrition and Dietary Careers  See Table 2-13 in text  Dietitian or nutritionist  Dietetic technician  Dietetic assistant or food service worker

52. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.52 2:12 Therapeutic Services  Basic job description –Use variety of treatments to help patients who are injured, physically or mentally disabled, or emotionally disturbed –Direct treatment toward allowing the patient to function at maximum capacity  Places of employment

53. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.53 Therapeutic Careers  See Table 2-14 in text  Physical therapist assistant  Occupational therapist (OT)  Occupational therapy assistant  Pharmacist  Pharmacy technician  Physical therapist (PT)

54. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.54 Therapeutic Careers (continued)  Massage therapist  Recreational therapist (TR)  Recreational therapy assistant or activity director  Respiratory therapist (RT)  Respiratory therapy assistant

55. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.55 Therapeutic Careers (continued)  Speech-language therapist or speech pathologist  Audiologist  Art, music, and dance therapist  Athletic trainer  Dialysis technician  Perfusionist or extracorporeal circulation technologist

56. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.56 2:13 Veterinary Careers  Basic description –Work with all types of animals –Range from house pets to livestock to wildlife  Places of employment

57. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.57 Veterinary Careers (continued)  See Table 2-15 in text  Veterinarian (DVM or VDM)  Veterinary technician (VTR) or animal health technician  Veterinarian assistant or aide (animal caretaker)

58. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.58 2:14 Vision Services  Basic job duties –Provide care to prevent vision disorders –Treat vision disorders  Places of employment

59. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.59 Vision Careers  See Table 2-16 in text  Ophthalmologist  Optometrist (OD): Doctor of Optometry  Ophthalmic medical technologist  Ophthalmic technician (OT)  Ophthalmic assistant (OA)  Optician  Ophthalmic laboratory technician