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Ancient China World History Core
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Geography/Interaction with Environment Location: Asia Natural Barriers EAST: Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Pacific Ocean WEST: Taklimakan Desert and Plateau of Tibet SOUTHWEST: Himalayas NORTH: Gobi Desert and Mongolian Plateau
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Geography/Interaction with Environment Isolation by Distance Yangtze River Central China to Yellow Sea Huang He (Yellow River) Northern China to Yellow Sea LOESS: deposits of yellow silt (fertile soil) “China’s Sorrow”: dangerous floods of the Huang He
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Yangtze River Yellow River
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Geography/Interaction with Environment Challenges Dangerous Floods Solution: Yu’s irrigation and flood control methods Isolation Solution: Had to supply all goods, could NOT rely on trade!
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Geography/Interaction with Environment China’s Heartland 10% of land in China is ARABLE North China Plain Farm land between the two rivers
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Power and Authority Dynastic Civilization Ruled by families Xia Dynasty and Yu the Great: First Dynasty Mathematician and Engineer Developed way to control flooding which allowed a civilization to develop
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Power and Authority Shang Dynasty: 1 st family to leave written records Warrior Kings: rulers who were constantly at war Middle Kingdom: China’s name for itself, believed they were the center Barbarians: outsiders to China Class Division: Between peasant and nobles NOBLES: owned all the land that the peasants worked on
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Power and Authority Zhou Dynasty: overthrew Shang 1027 BC Mandate of Heaven: divine approval to rule comes from heaven Developed by the Zhou to get rid of Shang Dynasty Dynastic Cycle: pattern of rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties (see p. 54 and next slide) Feudalism: political system in which nobles are granted land that legally belongs to the King In RETURN: Nobles must (1) Give loyalty and military service to the King and (2) Must protect the people living on the land
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Religious and Ethical Systems Loyalty to Family: Center of Chinese society #1 virtue: Honor and respect PARENTS Elder men were in charge of family Women were inferior 13-16 arranged into marriage Must bear a son to improve your social worth
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Religious and Ethical Systems Ancestor Worship: Power to bring good or disaster to a family Must give sacrifices to ancestors Polytheistic: Belief in many GODS Shang Di Oracle Bones: used to communicate with the Gods How they worked: Wrote question on animal bone Priest pokes bone with a hot rod Bone cracks Priest interprets the cracks to answer the question on the bone
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Cultural Interaction/Economics/Empire Building Agrarian Society: depend on farming Expansion Limited by Distance Warring Nomads: Sacked Zhou capital, killing the monarchs Leads to quarrels among NOBLES, thus the end of the Zhou Dynasty
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Revolution Shang are overthrown by the Zhou Due to the idea of Divine Mandate Zhou believed the Shang were no longer doing a good job Developed idea that Gods no longer wanted the Shang to rule Thus giving ruling power to the Zhou
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Science and Technology Written Language: united large, diverse area because you didn’t have to be able to speak the same language to be able to read Chinese Symbols NOT letters: each character = one syllable Calligraphy: writing of characters, each character made up of single brushstrokes Difficult to LEARN: 1500 = barely literate 10,000 = scholar
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Science and Technology Silk Production: religious beginnings, discovered by a Goddess Silk worms produce the fabric Worn by rulers Silk Road: Chinese silk trade route
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Science and Technology Coined Money: To improve trade Iron Weapons and Tools: Blast furnaces to cast iron Weapons: daggers and swords Agriculture: knives and spades Made farming more efficient!
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