1. Confucius vs. Mao Zedong
2 very different ideologies!

2. Confucius 551-479 BC Kongfuzi – later called Confucius by Europeans
Was not a religious leader nor did he claim any special divine status – rather he was a teacher
Little known during his lifetime, but became much more popular after his death

3. Developed a new philosophy…
Importance of moral character
Individuals must take responsibility for their society
Society works best when everyone respects laws and behaves according to their position …ALSO, when those in superior positions rule with respect and kindness
Rulers superior to subjects
Father superior to children
Men superior to women

4. After his death, his students wrote down his teachings in a book called the Analects
The teachings of Confucius remained important in Chinese education until the Communist Revolution in 1945

5. And then along came Mao Zedong
Watch video

6. Mao vs. Chiang Kai-shek Communist Party vs. Nationalist Party
1921 – Mao - founding member of China’s Communist Party
1927 – Chiang Kai-shek – Nationalist Party –
Mao and other communists retreated to south east China
1934 – Kai-shek’s army surrounded the communists
Feared the popularity & growth of the communist party / army that Mao was building
Launched anti-communist purge
so Mao lead his fellow
communists on the
Long March

7. Long March 8000-mile march to northwest China to establish a new base
12 months 100,000 communists (and their families) cross Chinese mountains and swamplands

8. Long March Only about 30,000 survived
When others heard of their heroic journey, they joined Mao
He eventually emerged as the top communist leader

9. July 1937 Japan invades China
Chiang Kai-shek and his armies were unable to hold off the Japanese armies
Therefore, reached out to Mao and the two temporarily agreed to become allies during an 8-year war with Japan

10. 1945 Civil War again
As soon as Japan was defeated at the end of WWII, Chiang Kai-shek and Mao were at war again!
October 1, 1949 – in Tiananmen Square, Beijing – Mao announced the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and establishes communist government
Chiang Kai-shek & his
followers fled
to Taiwan

11. Mao’s new China Mao set out to reshape Chinese society.
Industry came under state ownership and China's farmers began to be organized into collectives.
All opposition was ruthlessly suppressed.

12. Great Leap Forward Let’s watch a short video on the
Make note of the following …
What was the goal?
What was the method used to
achieve this goal?
What were the results of this campaign?

13. Great Leap Forward In 1958 Purpose - to improve agricultural and
industrial production.
How to achieve this goal?
People forced to live in communes
Land taken from individuals and given to
commune
Examples of programs and results
Steel production – everything people owned made of steel melted down to produce steel – this was very low-quality steel and essentially useless
Sparrow massacre – sparrows ate the grain in the fields so Mao said kill all sparrows and the people obeyed. Result – without sparrows to eat bugs, now bug numbers exploded and they ate all the grain!

14. Great Leap Forward Result of the Great Leap Forward …
Massive decline in agricultural output –
led to famine and death of millions
1959 – 1960 – more than 40-million people died! Considered one of the worse manmade disasters in human history!
This information was kept hidden from China!
People not allowed to travel outside of their commune! Therefore, people thought it was only their commune that was suffering! They had no idea this was happening all over China.
Because of these failures, Mao began to lose his authority and power in the government.

15. Cultural Revolution
In an attempt to re-assert his authority, Mao launched the 'Cultural Revolution'
1966 – at 73-years old – he went to the Yangtze River and swam for several minutes – to show the public that “he was back”!
Then, held many public rallies – appealing to the young people of China … Why? He thought that the young people would be too young to remember his failures!! This paid off!!
With the Cultural Revolution, Mao attempted (and almost completely succeeded) in doing away with the old, traditional Chinese mentality and implementing his new ideologies!
Let’s compare …

16. Cultural Revolution Ideologies vs. Confucius ideologies
Mao Zedong
Importance of moral character
No one is greater than Mao
Those in superior positions rule with respect & kindness
Those in superior positions rule with oppression & violence
Cultivation (improve the growth of) of virtue (moral excellence, goodness, rightness) & maintenance of ethics (rules of conduct towards others)
Cultivation of Mao’s beliefs, rules, and policies
Upholding of righteousness & doing good
Upholding of Mao’s rules & policies
Students respect teachers
Teachers don’t deserve respect – they have only lied to the students
Children respect their parents
Communist party & Mao more important than parents!

17. Cultural Revolution
Let’s watch a short video about the Cultural Revolution.

18. Cultural Revolution
“In a classic autocratic method to gain control, Mao Tse-tung manufactured a crisis that only he could solve. Mao told his followers that bourgeois elements in China were aiming to restore capitalism, and declared these elements must be removed from society.”

19. Cultural Revolution
His youthful followers formed the Red Guards and led a mass purge of the "undesirables."

20. Cultural Revolution Schools closed
Youth living in the cities were sent into the countryside to be "re-educated" through hard manual labor.

21. Cultural Revolution Results …
The Revolution destroyed much of China's traditional cultural
created economic and social chaos in the country
1.5 million died … millions more imprisoned, had their property seized, were tortured, and humiliated

22. Later years …
Mao appeared victorious, but his health was deteriorating. His later years saw attempts to build bridges with the United States, Japan and Europe.
In 1972, US President
Richard Nixon
visited China and
met Mao.
Mao died in
September 1976.

23. Today … Mao Zedong is regarded by many Chinese as a great political and military leader – officially

24. Your turn …
SUMMARIZE Mao’s impact on China.

25. Words and people to know…
Confucius – ancient Chinese philosopher / teacher
Analects – book written by Confucius’ followers – includes all his teachings
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) – Chinese leader who brought communism to China in 1949
Communism – form of government where there is a dictator and 1-party system
Great Leap Forward – program implemented by Mao Zedong – purpose to revolutionize agriculture and industry in China
Cultural Revolution – program to do away with the “old China” in order to create a more modern China