1. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 Toxicology & You Chapter 1 (an introduction to toxicology) A Small Dose of ™ Toxicology

2. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology “It is not the truth that makes you free. It is your possession of the power to discover the truth. Our dilemma is that we do not know how to provide that power.” Richard Lewontin (New York Review of Books, Jan 7, 1997) Power To Discover The Truth

3. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Hong Kong Princess Diana Ambassador to Mexico $100 Billion - $65 Billion Food, noise Dust Lack of Sleep 11,000 Children 689,000 Children What do these have in common?

4. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology The study of poisons or the adverse effects of chemical and physical agents on living organisms. Toxicology Definitions

5. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Home environment Current events Workplace School Government Decisions Global and local environment Toxicology Effects

6. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Key Words Risk = Hazard X Exposure Dose / Response Individual Sensitivity

7. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology 399 BC Death of Socrates by Hemlock Socrates was charged with religious heresy and corrupting the morals of local youth. The active chemical used was the alkaloid coniine which, when ingested causes paralysis, convulsions and potentially death. Ancient Awareness

8. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology From Romeo and Juliet - act 5 Come bitter pilot, now at once run on The dashing rocks thy seasick weary bark! Here’s to my love! O true apothecary! Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die. Shakespeare Historical Awareness

9. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Opium War of 1839-42 Great Britain had a monopoly on the sale of opium and wanted China to increase their purchase. A war was fought over opium sale with England getting control of Hong Kong. Consider our societies current “wars on drugs”. Historical Events

10. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Obvious Death, Cancer, Acid burn, Caffeine jitters Subtle or Delayed Decreases in learning and memory (lead), Increased likelihood of cancer associated with aging. Adverse Effects

11. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Chemical agents Natural or manufactured Bacteria, plants and animals produce toxins (caffeine) Manufactured chemicals (pesticides) Physical agents Temperature (damage fish) Sound (damage hearing) Chemical or Physical Agents

12. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology “Conditions that ensure that all living things have the best opportunity to reach and maintain their full genetic potential.” Steven G. Gilbert, 1999 Environmental Health

13. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Childhood lead exposure Prenatal alcohol exposure Mercury in gold mining Methyl mercury in food supply DDT use Examples

14. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Effects of Prenatal Alcohol

15. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology FAS Child

16. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Mouse – Scanning EM

17. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 Lead

18. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Lead In Homes

19. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Lead History Greek 2 nd BC Lead Makes the Mind Give Way

20. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Lead in Families

21. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Recycling Lead

22. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology CDC Blood Lead Levels

23. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Mercury

24. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Polluting with HG

25. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology MeHg kid

26. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Adult MeHg

27. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology FDA – Food and Drug Administration - (www.fda.gov) EPA – Environmental Protection Agency- (www.epa.gov) OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration – (www.osha.gov) CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – (www.cdc.gov) CPSC - Consumer Product Safety Commission - (www.cpsc.gov) Toxicology and Government

28. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology A Small Dose of ™ Alcohol

29. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Additional Information  References Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology, The Basic Science of Poisons  Web Sites Society of Toxicology - www.toxicology.org US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – www.epa.gov

30. Toxicology & You – 4/1/04 A Small Dose of Toxicology Authorship Information For Additional Information Contact Steven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABT E-mail: smdose@asmalldoseof.org Web: www.asmalldoseof.org This presentation is supplement to “A Small Dose of Toxicology”