2. As you come in…. Turn in syllabus last page, lab safety form, lab safety cartoon, and hypothesis card game sheet in bin Write Objectives and Catalyst questions and answers Objectives: Describe the types of energy and how energy can be converted from one form to another. Describe the structure and source of organic compounds that store energy. Catalyst 1.Name the subatomic particles and describe their mass and charge. 2. Define energy.

3. F RAYER M ODEL FOR E NERGY Definition- the capacity to do work Characteristic- Example: Non-example ENERGY

4. Energy: Two forms exist: kinetic energy and potential energy. kinetic energy potential energy Kinetic energy is the energy due to motion. Potential energy is the energy stored by an object that can be transformed into another form of energy.

5. T YPE OF E NERGY B RAINSTORM Potential EnergyKinetic Energy Chemical Energy Batteries, biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and coal are examples of stored chemical energy. Chemical energy is converted to thermal energy when we burn wood in a fireplace or burn gasoline in a car's engine. Mechanical Energy Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands Nuclear Energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom — the energy that holds the nucleus together. Gravitational Energy is energy stored in an object's height. The higher and heavier the object, the more gravitational energy is stored. Radiant Energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light, x- rays, gamma rays and radio waves and light. Thermal Energy, or heat, is the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances. Motion Energy is energy stored in the movement of objects. The faster they move, the more energy is stored. Sound is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Electrical Energy is delivered by tiny charged particles called electrons, typically moving through a wire.

6. M ATTER Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter consists of elements. Elements are composed of atoms. Atoms are smallest particle of matter. Atoms are composed of subatomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.

7. M OLECULES ARE 2 OR MORE ATOMS. COMMON MOLECULES

8. Y OUR B ODY ’ S N EED FOR F OOD Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids

9. W HAT ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ? Most matter in your body is made of organic compounds Organic compounds contain carbon Carbon atoms covalently bond to other elements like hydrogen and oxygen

10. W HAT ARE THE FOUR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN THE HUMAN BODY ? 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids

11. C ARBOHYDRATES ( SUGARS OR STARCHES ) What are carbohydrates made of? 1.) carbon 2.) hydrogen 3.) oxygen carbohydrates (carbs) are a key source of energy carbs are found in fruits, vegetables and grains

12. C ARBOHYDRATE S TRUCTURE monosaccharide's – contain 1 sugar molecule and cannot be broken down disaccharides – sugar made up of two monosaccharide's polysaccharides – made up of many monosaccharide's linked together by glycosidic linkages

13. E XAMPLES OF C ARBOHYDRATES Fruits, vegetables and grains

14. L IPIDS ( FATS ) What are lipids made of? 1.) carbon 2.) hydrogen 3.) oxygen lipids are fats that store energy in cells, fats are found around tissues as padding and insulation

15. L IPIDS (F ATS ) C ONTINUED lipids are found in fats, steroids and waxes 2 types of lipids 1.) saturated fat: solid at room temperature 2.) unsaturated fat: liquid at room temperature

16. L IPID S TRUCTURE saturated fats – solid at room temperature, contains only single bonds

17. L IPID S TRUCTURE C ONTINUED unsaturated fats – liquid at room temperature contains double bonds

18. E XAMPLES OF SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATS saturated fats unsaturated fats

19. E XAMPLES OF L IPIDS Fats, steroids and waxes

20. P ROTEINS What are proteins made of? 1.) amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds form proteins proteins do most work in cells and are required for the structure and function of the body's tissue and organs

21. P ROTEIN S TRUCTURE

22. P ROTEINS C ONTINUED humans can only make 10 of the 20 amino acids the other 10 amino acids (essential amino acids) must come from what we eat on a daily basis unlike fat and sugars we can not store amino acids

23. W HERE CAN WE FIND PROTEINS ? We can find proteins in: 1.) hair 2.) finger nails 3.) horns 4.) hoofs

24. E XAMPLES OF P ROTEINS What foods are rich in protein?

25. N UCLEIC A CIDS found in all of your cells nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides carry genetic information in cells 2 types of nucleic acids 1.) DNA 2.) RNA  we will discuss nucleic acids later

26. N UCLEIC A CID S TRUCTURE DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) – carries genetic information RNA (ribonucleic acid) – makes proteins

27. W HAT DID YOU LEARN ? What are the 4 types of organic compounds? 1.) carbohydrates (sugars) 2.) lipids (fats) 3.) proteins 4.) nucleic acids

28. W HAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES ? main source of energy in body found in fruits, vegetables and grains aapples, corn, soda pop, potatoes, bread and broccoli

29. W HAT ARE LIPIDS ( FATS )? store energy in the body used as insulation around organs and tissues 2 types saturated and unsaturated found in fats, steroids and waxes examples, cooking oil, butter, ice cream and chips

30. W HAT ARE PROTEINS ? are made from peptide bonds formed from amino acids there are 20 amino acids we make 10 naturally must consume the other 10 by eating poultry, fish, milk beef and nuts

31. N UCLEIC A CIDS All cells have nucleic acids 2 types are DNA and RNA

32. T HE E ND You Are What You Eat

33. A SSIGNMENTS For the next 5 days record everything you eat and drink for every meal and snack. For each item: Label whether it is a Plant, Animal, or Artificial Label whether it contains mostly carbohydrates, Lipids, or Proteins (P) Look up and explain the traditional food pyramid and the new food “pyramid” on mypyramid.gov. How do they differ? Look up articles about the current Texas Drought. List 5 negative environmental impacts.