1. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The World of Music 7 th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11: Music of the Classic Period (1750 – 1820)

2. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Classic Period: Age of Reason Emotional Restraint Balance Clarity Symmetry Clear/Precise Formal Structure Simplicity

3. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Classic Period Musical Characteristics Melody is Prime Concern Homophonic Texture Stepwise (Scalar) Melodies Tonal and Diatonic Obvious Cadences Rhythm Uncomplicated Predictable

4. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Instrumental Ensembles Standard Orchestra Violin I and II Violas Cellos Double Basses Flute I and II Clarinet I and II Oboe I and II Bassoon I and II Trumpets Horns Timpani String Quartet Violin I and II Viola Cello Piano Trio Violin Cello Piano Piano Quintet String Quartet Piano

5. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Multimovement Works Sonata Symphony Concerto Chamber Music Typical Movements I Fast: Sonata Form II Slow: ABA or Theme and Variations Form III Dance: Minuet (or Scherzo) and Trio IV Fast: Rondo or Sonata Form

6. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Opera in the Classic Period Ongoing Music Continuous Drama Recitative/Aria Accompaniment More Complex Enhanced the Voice No Longer Totally Subservient

7. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Sonata Form Exposition Primary Theme in Tonic Key Secondary Theme in Contrasting Key Development Composer’s Playground Develops Themes from Exposition Recapitulation Primary Theme in Tonic Key Secondary Theme in TONIC Key

8. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Theme and Variations Form Begins with a Theme Continues with Variations of Same Theme Tempo Dynamics Articulations Tonality Mode Instrumentation Texture

9. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Minuet and Trio Form Stately Dance From Baroque Period ABA Form Minuet Trio Minuet Many Parts of Each Section are Repeated

10. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Rondo Form Begins with Ritornello Theme Ritornello Alternates with Contrasting Themes Melody Mood Tonality Common Structures ABACA ABACABA ABACADA

11. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) Austrian Logical Coherent Music Served 30 Years with Prince of Austria Output 104 Symphonies 35 Concertos 82 String Quartets 60 Piano Sonatas

12. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) Austrian Child Prodigy Father was musician Traveled Europe Sophisticated, Urbane Music Output Many Concertos 25 Piano 7 Violin Various Other Instruments 23 String Quartets 17 Piano Sonatas Many Operas The Magic Flute The Marriage of Figaro Don Giovanni

13. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) Transitional Composer (to Romantic Period) Three Periods Early Education Formative Middle Prolific More Classic Works Late Fewer Works More Romantic Style Output 9 Symphonies 5 Piano Concertos 1 Violin Concerto 32 Piano Sonatas 16 String Quartets 9 Piano Trios Many Concert Overtures 1 Opera (Fidelio)

14. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Chapter Summary How did the rise of the middle class and the Industrial Revolution affect the development of music? Do you think today’s society is more like the Classic period or the Baroque? Why? Why do you think so many pieces were being written for instruments alone?

15. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period Image Credits Slide 2(c) Brand X Pictures/ PunchStock