1. Principles of the Constitution September 18, 2012 Daily AP Review: Daily AP Review: A. Define judicial review B. Explain how judicial review empowers the Supreme Court within the system of checks and balances Objective: Understand the basic principles and foundations of the US Constitution

2. I.Popular Sovereignty already covered REVIEW II.Separation of Powers (Federalist 51) 1. Madison: 2. Colonial experiences-eg. 3. Danger in 1 branch combining with another

3. II. Checks and Balances 1. What: system of restraints in which each branch can check the other two (avoid tyranny) THINK OLYMPIC RINGS 1. Please complete the chart above: 1-2 checks need to be where each ? is.

4. September 19, 2012 September 19, 2012 Objective: Understand the basic principles and foundations of the US Constitution AP Review: How is congressional decision making affected by the following presidential powers: A. A. Veto Power B. B. Commander in Chief

5. III. Limited Government Constitutional government: Constitutional government: DEFINITION DEFINITION Bill of Rights: safeguard against Bill of Rights: safeguard against 10 th Amendment- 10 th Amendment- Examples of States Rights Examples of States Rights Free elections Free elections

6. V. Changing the Constitution formally Legacy of Articles-unanimous vote to amend?? Problem? THINK Legacy of Articles-unanimous vote to amend?? Problem? THINK Process of Amending reflects federal system Process of Amending reflects federal system 1. Proposal 1. 2/3 vote from both houses of Congress 2. Ratification 1. ¾ of state legislatures 2. Time limit for ratification = 7 years

7. V. Changing the Constitution INformally MOST COMMON WAY TO CHANGE THE CONSTITUTION MOST COMMON WAY TO CHANGE THE CONSTITUTION 1. Acts of Congress (Civil Rights Act 1964) 2. Judicial Rulings (Plessy v. Ferguson) 3. Presidential Actions (executive privilege) 4. Customs and Traditions (senatorial courtesy)

8. IV. Judicial Review Power of courts to strike down laws or governmental actions Power of courts to strike down laws or governmental actions Marbury v. Madison, 1803 Marbury v. Madison, 1803 Facts: (midnight judges) including Marbury, Jefferson ordered Madison to not deliver commissions of judges Facts: (midnight judges) including Marbury, Jefferson ordered Madison to not deliver commissions of judges Justice Marshall-did not have to grant the commissions Justice Marshall-did not have to grant the commissions EFFECTS: Citizens can challenge constitutionality of laws in court-lawsuits-litigation important way of making public policy EFFECTS: Citizens can challenge constitutionality of laws in court-lawsuits-litigation important way of making public policy