1. (Copy the title of the outline shown below.)
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE

2. (Copy the Outline below)
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
(Copy the Outline below)
I. Hohokam

3. HOHOKAM
Archaeologists believe the Hohokam came from modern-day Mexico and settled in present-day Arizona.

4. A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
I. Hohokam
(Copy and complete)
A. Location: _______________
B. Climate: ________________
C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________

5. Artist interpretation of irrigating fields.

6. D. Tools: wooden digging sticks,
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
I. Hohokam
A. Location: _______________
B. Climate: ________________
C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________
(Copy)
D. Tools: wooden digging sticks,
thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals

7. Remains of a prehistoric Hohokam irrigation
canal at "Park of the Canals", in Mesa, Arizona. (photo source: Waterhistory.org). Over 1,000 miles of canals were dug, some as wide as 50 feet wide.

8. E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
I. Hohokam
A. Location: _______________
B. Climate: ________________
C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________
D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals
(Copy)
E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash

9. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
I. Hohokam
A. Location: _______________
B. Climate: ________________
C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________
D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals
E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash
(Copy)
F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass, birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk. They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried surplus meat and used hides for clothing, shelter, jewelry, and trade.

10. The early Hohokam lived in rectangular pithouses.
                                           

11. Computer model of Pithouse

12. Pithouse Entryway

13. Inside View of Pithouse

14. Later, the Hohokam established extensive villages.

15. G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, large villages
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
I. Hohokam
A. Location: _______________
B. Climate: ________________
C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________
D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals
E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash
F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk.
They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing,
shelter, jewelry, and trade.
(Copy)
G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, large villages

16. Hohokam Etching, “Horned Toad”
What is unusual about this seashell etching that, along with other seashells, was found by archaeologists in ancient Hohokam sites?

17. H. Traded widely with other culture groups.
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
I. Hohokam
A. Location: _______________
B. Climate: ________________
C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________
D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals
E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash
F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk.
They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing,
shelter, jewelry, and trade.
G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, villages
(Copy)
H. Traded widely with other culture groups.

18. Each Hohokam village had at least one ball field
Each Hohokam village had at least one ball field. In addition to sport, the fields were used for dances and other ceremonies.

21. I. Entertainment: ________________________
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
I. Hohokam
A. Location: _______________
B. Climate: ________________
C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________
D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals
E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash
F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk.
They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing,
shelter, jewelry, and trade.
G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, villages
H. Traded widely with other culture groups.
(Copy and complete)
I. Entertainment: ________________________

22. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
I. Hohokam
A. Location: _______________
B. Climate: ________________
C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________
D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals
E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash
F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk.
They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing,
shelter, jewelry, and trade.
G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, villages
H. Traded widely with other culture groups.
I. Entertainment: ________________________

23. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA
EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA BCE – CA CE
I. Hohokam
A. Location: _______________
B. Climate: ________________
C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________
D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals
E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash
F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk.
They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing,
shelter, jewelry, and trade.
G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, villages
H. Traded widely with other culture groups.
I. Entertainment: ________________________
(Copy)
II. Anasazi

25. Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado.
II. Anasazi
(Copy)
Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado.
B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado

26. Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde National Park

27. II. Anasazi
Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado.
B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado
(Copy)
C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack, the ladders could be lifted.

28. White House Ruins, Canyon de Chelly National Monument

29. Doorways, Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico

30. II. Anasazi
Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado.
B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado
C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack,
the ladders could be lifted.
(Copy)
D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash. Enough corn was being raised to create a surplus. They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting.

31.                            Anasazi Basket - Mesa Verde NP

36. Anasazi Cup - Mesa Verde NP

37. Anasazi Pot

38. E. Also noted for baskets and pottery. Purpose: ________
II. Anasazi
Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado.
B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado
C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack,
the ladders could be lifted.
D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash. Enough corn was being raised to
create a surplus. They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting.
(Copy)
E. Also noted for baskets and pottery Purpose: ________

39. Reconstructed Mesa Verde “Jackal,” or Storage Area

42. These storage bins are hidden under overhanging rock ledges, possibly to protect the contents from the sun and probably to guard the food stores from non-farming nomadic groups that travelled in the same area.

43. F. Baskets and pottery full of surplus food were put in storage areas.
II. Anasazi
Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado.
B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado
C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack,
the ladders could be lifted.
D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash. Enough corn was being raised to
create a surplus. They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting.
E. Also noted for baskets and pottery Purpose: ________
Copy:
F. Baskets and pottery full of surplus food were put in storage areas.

44. II. Anasazi Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado.
B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado
C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack,
the ladders could be lifted.
D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash. Enough corn was being raised to
create a surplus. They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting.
E. Also noted for baskets and pottery Purpose: ________
F. Baskets and pottery full of surplus food were put in storage areas.

45. Canyonlands Granary

48. (Copy) III. Moundbuilders II. Anasazi
Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado.
B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado
C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack,
the ladders could be lifted.
D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash. Enough corn was being raised to
create a surplus. They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting.
E. Also noted for baskets and pottery Purpose: ________
F. Baskets and pottery full of surplus food were put in storage areas.
(Copy)
III. Moundbuilders

50. Location: modern-day Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois.
III. Moundbuilders
(Copy)
Location: modern-day Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois.
B. Food sources: hunting, foraging, trading and agriculture.

51. Monks Mound, located at the Cahokia Mounds UNESCO World Heritage Site
near Collinsville, Illinois, is the largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in
America north of Mesoamerica. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound_builder_(people)

52. largest conical mounds in the United States.
Grave Creek Mound, located in Moundsville, West Virginia, is one of the
largest conical mounds in the United States.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound_builder_(people)

53. III. Moundbuilders
Location: modern-day Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois.
B. Food sources: hunting, foraging, trading and agriculture.
(Copy)
C. Most noted for huge mounds. Purposes: burials and religious ceremonies, including human sacrifice. People were buried with their possessions.

54. Copper Spearpoints

55. Strings of small and large copper beads, shell beads, a crescent-shaped earring and finely polished stone artifacts from the Moundbuilders.

56. Serpent made of the mineral mica

57. Copper falcon effigy

58. Copper breastplate

59. Human effigy carved from stone

61. Limestone human head effigy

62. Carved ceremonial pipes

63. A human head effigy crafted from sandstone.- Ohio

64. III. Moundbuilders
A. Location: modern-day Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois.
B. Most noted for huge mounds. Purposes: burials and religious ceremonies.
(Source of art images:
C. Most noted for huge mounds. Purposes: burials and religious ceremonies, including human sacrifice. People were buried with their possessions.
(Copy)
D. Also noted for skilled use of shells, stone, copper, mica, and other minerals for carving and making tools, jewelry, and effigies.

65. IV. Other information about early cultures
III. Moundbuilders
A. Location: modern-day Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois.
B. Most noted for huge mounds. Purposes: burials and religious ceremonies.
(Source of art images:
C. Most noted for huge mounds. Purposes: burials and religious ceremonies, including human sacrifice. People were buried with their possessions.
D. Also noted for skilled use of shells, stone, copper, mica, and other minerals for carving and making tools, jewelry, and effigies.
(Copy)
IV. Other information about early cultures
(Directions: Read pp in your text. For letters A-E, write important/interesting facts about the culture groups not already in your notes. You may use information on the Cahokia, but do not move on to “Other Native North Americans.” Write in clear, complete, specific sentences that make sense all by themselves. Example: DO write “The Mogollon style of pottery is still popular among Southwest artists today. DO NOT write “Their style of pottery is still popular.”