1. Post-Assessment Review

2. Recall  1. What is polytheism? What early people practiced this religion?

3. Answer  Polytheism is the belief in many gods. Egyptians and Greeks practiced this religion.

4. Recall  2. What is monotheism? What early people practiced this religion? Why was it unique that these people practiced monotheism?

5. Answer  Monotheism is the belief in one god. The ancient Hebrews were the first people to practice a monotheistic religion. This was unique because all of the other religions worshipped many gods.

6. Recall  3. What is a ziggurat? What early people built them?

7. Answer  A ziggurat was the tallest and largest structure in the center of every Sumerian city-state. The Sumerians built them.

8. Recall  4. “That land is very fertile!” What does that mean? How does the word fertile relate to Mesopotamia?

9. Answer  Fertile land is an area in which it is easy to plant and grow crops. The land in Mesopotamia was extremely fertile, which is why it is called the Fertile Crescent.

10. Fertile Crescent

11. Concepts  1. What is surplus? Why was it important to early civilizations? What could they do with surplus food or supplies? Give at least 2 examples.

12. Answer  Surplus is an extra supply

13. Answer (Continued)  It was important for early civilizations because they could use their surplus food or supplies to trade and get different materials or food in return.

14. Answer (Continued)  Surplus could be used in the following ways:  Plant surplus seeds during next season  Surplus grain was used as food in seasons when plants were not plentiful  Lent to other settlements  Gifts to dead ancestors  Exchange for goods not available in their area (trade)

15. Concepts  2. Define import and export. What is the difference?

16. Answer  Import means to bring in and export means to send out. Early people who traded their surplus were exporting goods. Early people who were receiving goods from other countries were importing goods.

17. Concepts  3. What is a myth? What is a legend? How are these important to the civilizations we have studied?

18. Answer  Myths are stories about the actions of gods and goddesses and how they affected the lives of people.

19. Answer (Continued)  Legends are stories handed down from earlier times that explain the past.

20. Answer (Continued)  Early civilizations believed that gods and goddesses had control over what happened in daily life.

21. Strategic Thinking  1. Why was the ziggurat an important piece of architecture? What set it apart from other buildings?

22. Answer  A ziggurat was the largest and tallest structure in the center of every Sumerian city-state.

23. Answer (Continued)  It was the center for religious life in each city-state. It also was the only building with a temple on top of it.

24. Strategic Thinking  2. List 3 Egyptian or Greek gods and explain their significance.

25. Answer  Ra is the god of the sun.

26. Answer (Continued)  Horus is the god of the sky.

27. Answer (Continued)  Sobek is the god of the Nile

28. Strategic Thinking  3. What is Hammurabi’s code? Why was it a good thing for early people?

29. Answer  Collection of 282 laws that covered:  Family Relationships  Wages  Taxes  Crime  Loans  Trade  Debts  Land and Business Deals

30. Answer (Continued)  He collected laws from each city-state, sorted them, and came up with one collection of laws that were guided by fairness, and all people were protected by them.

31. World Map  1. List the 4 river ancient river valley civilizations.

32. Answer  Huang He  Indus Valley  Nile Valley  Tigris and Euphrates

33. World Map  2. Locate and circle the 4 river valley civilizations on the map.

34. Map

35. Answer

36. World Map  3. Write the name of the current country or countries that the ancient rivers flow through today.

37. Answer  1. Huang He: China  2. Indus: Pakistan and India  3. Nile: Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, and Sudan  4. Tigris and Euphrates: Iraq and Syria

38. World Map  4. On the map label your own compass rose North, South, East and West.

39. Answer

40. World Map  5. How did the geography of the river valley promote trade? Use evidence to support your answer.

41. Answer  Farmers learned to grow surpluses of crops.

42. Answer (Continued)  With these surpluses, people were able to travel along these rivers to import and export goods from other places.  Example: Goods could be shipped along the Nile River for trade between Egypt and Nubia.