1. Andrew Budnick October 7 th, 2011 North Atlantic oxygen: Summary and results Andrew Budnick Undergraduate, Princeton University

2. Andrew Budnick October 7 th, 2011 http://utsapocalypse.net/yeykyaw/2011/04/13/cause-of-ice-age-2/ Area overview BackgroundCruise ResultsComparison Schott, F. A., & Brandt, P. (2007). Circulation and Deep Water Export of the Subpolar North Atlantic During the 1990’s. Geophysical Monograph, 91-118. DSOW – Denmark Strait Overflow Water NAC – North Atlantic Current LSW – Labrador Sea Water ISW – Irminger Sea Water

3. Andrew Budnick October 7 th, 2011 Trip overview BackgroundCruise ResultsComparison

4. Andrew Budnick October 7 th, 2011 Cruise summary BackgroundCruise ResultsComparison Total transects: 7 Total CTD stations: 77 Total oxygen samples: 474 Mooring deployments: 7 Mooring recoveries: 10 Failed recoveries: 2

5. Andrew Budnick October 7 th, 2011 O 2 measurement process BackgroundCruise ResultsComparison

6. Andrew Budnick October 7 th, 2011 Oxygen profiles BackgroundCruise ResultsComparison

7. Andrew Budnick October 7 th, 2011 Regional comparison BackgroundCruise ResultsComparison

8. Andrew Budnick October 7 th, 2011 Thank you! Questions?

9. Andrew Budnick October 7 th, 2011 Bibliography Avsic, T., Karstensen, J., Send, U., & Fischer, J. (2006). Interannual variability of newly formed Labrador Sea Water from 1994 to 2005. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(21), 1-6. doi:10.1029/2006GL026913 Bryden, H., Griffiths, M., Lavin, A., Millard, R., Parrilla, G., & Smethie, W. (1996). Decadal Changes in Water Mass Characteristics at 24N in the Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Climate1, 9, 3163-3186. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009 2.0.CO;2 Curry, R., Dickson, B., & Yashayaev, I. (2003). A change in the freshwater balance of the Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades. Nature, 426(6968), 826-9. doi:10.1038/nature02206 Delworth, T. L., Manabe, S., & Stouffer, R. J. (1997). Multidecadal climate variability in the Greenland Sea and surrounding regions: A coupled model simulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 24(3), 257. doi:10.1029/96GL03927 Dickson, R., Meincke, J., Malmberg, S., & Lee, a. (1988). The “great salinity anomaly” in the Northern North Atlantic 1968–1982. Progress In Oceanography, 20(2), 103- 151. doi:10.1016/0079-6611(88)90049-3 Eden, C., & Willebrand, J. (2001). Mechanism of Interannual to Decadal Variability of the North Atlantic Circulation. Journal of Climate, 14(10), 2266-2280. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014 2.0.CO;2 Hirschi, J., Killworth, P., & Blundell, J. (2006). Subannual, Seasonal, and Interannual Variability of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 37, 1246-1265. doi:10.1175/JPO3049.1 Houghton, R. W., & Visbeck, M. H. (2002). Quasi-decadal Salinity Fluctuations in the Labrador Sea*. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32(2), 687-701. doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032 2.0.CO;2 Johnson, G. C. (2005). Labrador Sea Water property variations in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(7), 1-5. doi:10.1029/2005GL022404 Kihm, C., & Körtzinger, a. (2010). Air-sea gas transfer velocity for oxygen derived from float data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(C12), 1-8. doi:10.1029/2009JC006077 Large scale circulation and water masses in the North Atlantic. (1987). Deep-Sea Research, 1-3. Pickart, R. S., & Spall, M. a. (2007). Impact of Labrador Sea Convection on the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 37(9), 2207-2227. doi:10.1175/JPO3178.1 Polyakov, I. V., Bhatt, U. S., Simmons, H. L., Walsh, D., Walsh, J. E., & Zhang, X. (2005). Multidecadal Variability of North Atlantic Temperature and Salinity during the Twentieth Century. Journal of Climate, 18(21), 4562-4581. doi:10.1175/JCLI3548.1 Schott, F. A., & Brandt, P. (2007). Circulation and Deep Water Export of the Subpolar North Atlantic During the 1990’s. Geophysical Monograph, 91-118. Tanhua, T., Olsson, K. A., & Jeansson, E. (2005). Formation of Denmark Strait overflow water and its hydro-chemical composition. Journal of Marine Systems, 57(3-4), 264-288. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.05.003 Yashayaev, I., Bersch, M., & van Aken, H. M. (2007). Spreading of the Labrador Sea Water to the Irminger and Iceland basins. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(10), 1- 8. doi:10.1029/2006GL028999 Zhang, R. (2010). Northward intensification of anthropogenically forced changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Geophysical Research Letters, 37(24), 1-6. doi:10.1029/2010GL045054 Zhang, R. (2010). Latitudinal dependence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations. Geophysical Research Letters, 37(16), 1-6. doi:10.1029/2010GL044474 http://utsapocalypse.net/yeykyaw/2011/04/13/cause-of-ice-age-2/