1. 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES “Records Access & Democracy”

2. Records an Ancient Instrument of Control “In the ancient world and in medieval times, the treasury in temples and churches contained both treasures and the records, safely stored and hidden from the strangers’ gaze. Whatever their architecture, archives serve symbolically as temples shielding an idol from the gaze of the uninitiated, guarding the treasures as a monopoly for the priesthood, exercising surveillance over those who are admitted.” --Ketelaar, p. 234 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

3. “What emerges in this investigation is that the question of the archives nationales became a question of control over the memory of the state’s exercise of power over citizens; and who had the power to mobilize or intervene in this memory to shape the body politic, to make as well as to write history.” -Milligan, p. 160 “Article I declared the Archives nationales to be ‘the central depository for the entire republic’ … It also made the right of access to these documents a right of all citizens: article 37 allowed that ‘all citizens can ask, in all depositories, at the dates and times fixed, communication of the pieces contained therein,’ without cost and provided that they remain on the premises.” -Milligan, pp. 161-162 Transformation of the Archives & The French Revolution. 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

4. Rights, a Balancing Act “Rights provide standards of conduct which govern the relationship between government and the citizen … the conflict is not simply that of competing rights but also of competing needs, both for individuals and for society at large.” -Reitman, p. 501 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

5. Rights of Citizens “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness – That to secure these right, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed...” -The Declaration of Independence 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

6. The essence of Democracy “Freedom of information … is the essence of free and democratic government. Unless the citizenry is fully informed, the whole democratic experiment in self-government fails no matter what the social, political, or economic issue may be. Wise and effective participation in the affairs of government, through the election process and communication with legislators and the media, is weakened if the flow of information is limited or blocked.” -Reitman, p. 501 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

7. FOIA “(3)(A) Except with respect to the records made available under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, each agency, upon request for records which (i) reasonably describes such records and (ii) is made in accordance with published rules stating the time, place, fees (if any), and procedures to be followed, shall make the records promptly available to any person.” --Freedom of Information Act, 1996 5 USC §552, As Amended by Public Law No. 104- 231, 110 Stat. 3048 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

8. 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

9. Access and Memory “Because the construction of collective memory, and thereby collective identity, by nations, communities, or groups of people depends on their ability to confront and understand their history, access is integral to the custody of historical records.” --Bastian, p. 14 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

10. Government Transparency in the 21 st Century Part II 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

11. GRAMA- The Nuts and Bolts Enacted in 1992 Records Access law 9 parts No major changes since 1992 26 th State to enact an open records law 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

12. Working Committee Recommendations Cost and Timeliness Sub-Committee Simplification and Centralization Sub-Committee Statutory Definitions Sub-Committee Emerging Technology Sub-Committee 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

13. Methodology Sunshine Review Sunshine Review is a non-profit organization dedicated to state and local government transparency. The Sunshine Review wiki collects and shares transparency information and uses a "10-point Transparency Checklist" to evaluate the content of every state and more than 5,000 local government websites. Sunshine Review collaborates with individuals and organizations throughout America in the cause of an informed citizenry and an accountable government. U.S. PIRG U.S. PIRG, the federation of state Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs), stands up to powerful special interests on behalf of the American public, working to win concrete results for our health and our well-being. With a strong network of researchers, advocates, organizers and students in state capitols across the country, we take on the special interests on issues, such as product safety, political corruption, prescription drugs and voting rights, where these interests stand in the way of reform and progress. Sutherland Institute Sutherland Institute is a conservative public policy think tank committed to shaping Utah law and policy based on a core set of governing principles. We strive to make Utah an example of good government for the rest of the nation and a great place to live, work, and raise a family. 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

14. A Sunshine State of Mind Budgets Open meeting laws Elected officials Administrative Officials Building permits and zoning Audits Contracts Lobbying Public records Taxes 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

15. Does Utah Measure Up? 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES Transparency Report Card Sunshine Review US PIRG Sutherland Institute StateCCN/A CountiesDN/A CitiesiN/AC

16. State Budget Usability Elected Officials Administrative Officials Ethics Audits Contracts Lobbying Public records Taxes 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

17. State Transparency report cardState COLORADOA+ CALIFORNIAA+ MASSACHUSETTSA+ NEVADAB NEW MEXICOB IDAHOB GEORGIAB MARYLANDB FLORIDAB NEW YORKB NORTH DAKOTAB SOUTH DAKOTAB OKLAHOMAB TEXASB KENTUCKYB ARIZONAC WYOMINGC VIRGINIAC MICHIGANC UTAHC 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

18. County 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

19. County Grades Beaver County, UtahD Box Elder County, UtahD Cache County, UtahC- Carbon County, UtahF Daggett County, UtahC Davis County, UtahD Duchesne County, UtahC- Emery County, UtahD Garfield County, UtahF Grand County, UtahD Iron County, UtahF Juab County, UtahF Kane County, UtahF Millard County, UtahD CountyGrades Morgan County, UtahD- Piute County, UtahF Rich County, UtahD Salt Lake County, UtahA+ San Juan County, UtahC- Sanpete County, UtahD- Sevier County, UtahC- Summit County, UtahB Tooele County, UtahD- Uintah County, UtahB- Utah County, UtahB- Wasatch County, UtahC Washington County, UtahD Wayne County, UtahF Weber County, UtahC 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

20. City 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

21. City Grades Draper, UtahA- Park City, UtahA- Provo, UtahA- Riverton, UtahA- Salt Lake City, UtahA- Taylorsville, UtahA- West Jordan, UtahA- Bluffdale, UtahB Murray, UtahB North Salt Lake, UtahB Ogden, UtahB Sandy, UtahB South Jordan, UtahB South Ogden, UtahB St. George, UtahB Syracuse, UtahB CityGrades Alta, UtahB- Cedar City, UtahB- Cedar Hills, UtahB- Cottonwood Heights, UtahB- Eagle Mountain, UtahB- Heber City, UtahB- Herriman, UtahB- Highland, UtahB- Ivins, UtahB- La Verkin, UtahB- Lehi, UtahB- Mapleton, UtahB- Midvale, UtahB- Orem, UtahB- Perry, UtahB- Saratoga Springs, UtahB- South Weber, UtahB- Spanish Fork, UtahB- Vernal, UtahB- Washington Terrace, UtahB- West Valley, UtahB- Woods Cross, UtahB- 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

22. A Sunshine State of Mind- Costs 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

23. A Sunshine State of Mind- Costs 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

24. Moving Forward 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES 1.Transparency checklist items 2.Include links to any and all public financial information 3.“Three clicks and you’re out” rule 4.Review website search functions

25. “Popular government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it is but a prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or, perhaps, both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their own Governors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives.” -James Madison, 276. 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

26. Sunshine Review http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Transparency_Checklist http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Utah_cities http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Utah_counties http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Years_that_state_FOIA_laws_were_enacted http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Transparency_checklist_possible_additions http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Evaluation_of_Utah_state_website http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Cost_of_state_transparency_websites Sutherland Institute Monson, Derek. “Grading City Government Transparency” November 24, 2010. http://www.sutherlandinstitute.org/uploads/Grading_City_Government_Transparency.pdf http://www.sutherlandinstitute.org/uploads/Grading_City_Government_Transparency.pdf U.S. PIRG Following the Money map: http://www.uspirg.org/follow-the-money-maphttp://www.uspirg.org/follow-the-money-map “Following the Money” report 2011:https://pincdn.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/d1b1c8a147fbf379dfc14c8c86a83e52/Following-the-Money-2011-vUS.pdfhttps://pincdn.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/d1b1c8a147fbf379dfc14c8c86a83e52/Following-the-Money-2011-vUS.pdf “Following the Money” report 2010:http://cdn.publicinterestnetwork.org/assets/b3ba157e28d82952ee5b7a3f84e88499/Following-the-Money-USPIRG.pdfhttp://cdn.publicinterestnetwork.org/assets/b3ba157e28d82952ee5b7a3f84e88499/Following-the-Money-USPIRG.pdf State of Utah S.B. 38, March 2008: http://le.utah.gov/~2008/bills/sbillint/sb0038s05.pdfhttp://le.utah.gov/~2008/bills/sbillint/sb0038s05.pdf GRAMA Working Group Recommendations: http://www.gramarevisited.com/category/working-group-meetingshttp://www.gramarevisited.com/category/working-group-meetings https://www.facebook.com/UtahGRAMA 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

27. 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES Campo, Amarna Akkadian Letter, Digital Photograph, n.d., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amarna_Akkadian_letter.png.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amarna_Akkadian_letter.png Eric Ketelaar, “Archival Temples, Archival Prisons: Modes of Power and Protection,” Archival Science 2 (2002): 221-238. Ernst Posner, Archives in the Ancient World, Reprint. (Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2003). Archivos del terror de Paraguay, Digital Photograph, n.d., http://www.canalpatrimonio.com/es/noticias/?iddoc=53443.http://www.canalpatrimonio.com/es/noticias/?iddoc=53443 Timothy Ericson, “Building Our Own ‘Iron Curtain’: The Emergence of Secrecy in American Government,” The American Archivist 68 (Spring/Summer 2005): 18- 52. “Census Records Destroyed in Washington Fire,” The Concordia Sentinel (Concordia, Louisiana, February 12, 1921), http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87090135/1921-02-12/ed-1/seq-1/. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87090135/1921-02-12/ed-1/seq-1/ Alan Reitman, “Freedom of Information and Privacy: The Civil Libertarian’s Dilemma,” American Archivist 38, no. 4 (October 1975): 501-508. Steven Lubar, “Information Culture and the Archival Record,” The American Archivist 62 (Spring 1999): 10-22. James Madison, Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 3, 4 vols. (Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1865), books.google.com. James Sickinger, “Literacy, Documents, and Archives in the Ancient Athenian Democracy,” The American Archivist 62 (Fall 1999): 229-246. Scott W. Jessee, “Monks, Monasteries, and Manuscripts: Archival Sources for Eleventh-Century France,” American Archivist 52 (Summer 1989): 384-390. Jeannette Allis Bastian, Owning Memory: How a Caribbean Community Lost Its Archives and Found Its History (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2003). Roblespepe, Que_Digan_Donde_Estan.jpg, Digital Photograph, April 9, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Que_digan_d%C3%B3nde_estan.jpg.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Que_digan_d%C3%B3nde_estan.jpg Keikus Karsten, Shredded Stasi Files at Stasi Headquarters in Berlin-Lichtenberg (1990s), Digital Photograph, n.d., http://germanhistorydocs.ghi- dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=3061.http://germanhistorydocs.ghi- dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=3061 Robert L. Dorman, “The Creation and Destruction of the 1890 Federal Census,” The American Archivist 71 (Fall/Winter 2008): 350-383. Andreas Praefcke, Wachstafelrem, Digital Photograph, 2007, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wachstafel_rem.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wachstafel_rem.jpg Jennifer Milligan, “‘What Is an Archive?’ in the History of Modern France,” in Archive Stories: Facts Fictions, and The Writing of History, ed. Antoinette Burton (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005), 160-183.

28. March Madness March 2, 2011 H.B. 477 Introduced March 4, 2011 Passes Utah Senate March 8, 2011 H.B. 477 Passed & Signed March 25, 2011 H.B. 477 Repealed March 21, 2011 Governor calls for special session March 7, 2011 H.B. 477 Amended 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm UTAH STATE ARCHIVES