1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 15n 26o CLASS NOTES
STATE ORGANIZATION AND NATIONAL POWER

2. To understand State power…
Look at traits of state
& Relationships between states
Colonialism Era projects European power to the rest of the world

3. Political Geography
How do people claim ownership of a particular place?
What happens when more than one group of people claim the same space?
Why are some country’s borders so strange?

4. First Wave Colonization

5. The Second Wave of Colonization The “Scramble for Africa”

6. Nations colonize… WHY / HOW??
to make money!!!
Economy / Trade usually =‘s country’s power

7. GEOPOLITICS
Study of international political relationships & the territorial / environmental context which they occur
Economic power is key to political power

8. ORGANIC THEORY Friedrich Ratzel States are living organisms
“Consume” others to survive
How???

9. WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY Immanuel Wallerstien
World is interlocked system of states
Developing dependent on Developed
(C-P Model)
Argue Counter Dependent???

10. Core / Periphery / Semi-Periphery

13. Character of the State CORE AREA – (C-P Model)
National heartland from which “state” spread
Largest Pop. Cluster
Usually contains capital
Most productive region
Central & accessible

14. World Conquest Theory…
HEARTLAND THEORY
Sir Halford Mackinder
Land Power = World Conquest
Eurasia = “World Island”
Defense / Resources / Manpower

16. RIMLAND THEORY Nicolas Spykman Eurasian RIM is key – Coastal
Sea Power = Colonization
Alliances to “contain” Heartland

18. USA “Contains” Communism

19. Capital City –
Political nerve center of the country (seat of Gov’t)

20. Primate City –
Country’s largest city – representing best the national culture (usually capital)
Mexico City
London
Paris

21. Mexico City

22. Paris

23. London

24. New London CBD

25. Move capital to one to achieve some national goal
Forward Capitals –
Move capital to one to achieve some national goal
Pakistan > Karachi to Islamabad (1960)
Brazil > Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia (1960)
Nigeria> Lagos to Abuja (1991)
USA > Philadelphia to Wash. DC (1790)

27. Karachi

28. Islamabad

30. Rio de Janeiro

31. Brasilia

34. Unitary State –
(older European)
N/S with centralized Gov’t exerting power equally over all parts of the state (Paris – France)

35. Federal State –
political system which unites N/S under common goals
But allows indiv. states to maintain ID’s & laws (USA)

37. Electoral Geography Study of voting systems and behavior
Special interest in representation
How voting districts are drawn up
Gerrymandering – (re-) drawing districts for voting advantage

38. (Don’t Write!!!!!)
"The term gerrymandering is derived from Elbridge Gerry ( ), the governor of Massachusetts from 1810 to In 1812, Governor Gerry signed a bill into law that redistricted his state to overwhelmingly benefit his party, the Republican Party.
The opposition party, the Federalists, were quite upset. One of the congressional districts was shaped very strangely and, as the story goes, one Federalist remarked that the district looked like a salamander.
No, said another Federalist, it's a gerrymander. The Boston Weekly Messenger brought the term gerrymander into common usage when it subsequently printed an editorial cartoon that showed the district in question with a monster's head, arms, and tail and named the creature a gerrymander."

39. “Gerrymander”