1. No Written Warm Up today 5/10/2013 We will discuss CNN student news after we watch it. Today – Key Issues 1&2 Presentation Urban Patterns Project Assignment due 5/22/2013 or 5/17/2013 for extra credit! Movie extra credit – week of 5/20/13

2. Chapter 13 Ch 13. Urban Patterns An Introduction to Human Geography The Cultural Landscape, 8e James M. Rubenstein PPT by Abe Goldman

3. KI 1: Where Have Urban Areas Grown? I. Urbanization A. Increasing urban percentage B. Increasing urban populations II. Defining urban settlements A. Social differences between urban and rural settlements B. Physical definitions of urban settlements

4. Percent Urban Population Fig. 13-1: Percent of the population living in urban areas is usually higher in MDCs than in LDCs.

5. What is urbanization? Process by which the population of cities grows. 2 dimensions measured by geographers: Number of people living in cities Percentage of people living in cities.

6. % of people on Earth living in urban areas: 1800 3% 1900 14% 1950 30% 2008- 50% First time in history more people lived in urban than rural areas. On your notes, write a statement that summarizes this change over time.

7. Percent GDP from Services, 2005

8. Large Cities Fig. 13-2: Cities with 2 million or more people. Most of the largest cities are now in LDCs.

9. Percent Urban by Region Fig. 13-2b: Although under half of the people in most less developed regions are urban, Latin America and the Middle East have urban percentages comparable to MDCs.

11. Social Differences b/t Urban and Rural Louis Wirth – 1930s Urban dwellers follow different way of life than rural What creates this difference? 1. Large size Urban people interact through contracts Rural people interact in multiple contexts 2. High density Urban – people must be specialized and compete for limited space Rural – everyone pitches in on most everything 3. Social Heterogeneity Urban – freedom to be weird Rural – more “oversight” by community, less tolerance

12. Physical Differences between Urban Settlements Historically, easy to tell difference between urban and rural – look for the wall

13. Ancient Ur Fig. 12-10: Ur, in modern-day Iraq, was one of the earliest urban settlements. The ziggurat, or stepped temple, was surrounded by a dense network of residences.

14. Athens, Greece Fig. 12-11: The hilltop site of the Acropolis, dating to about 500 B.C., still dominates the skyline of modern Athens.

15. Paris Fig. 12-13: Paris was originally surrounded by walls which were expanded to include new neighborhoods as the city grew.

16. Why were there so few examples of “walled cities” in North America? Simple answer: cities were & are too new. Too new??? What does this mean? Large walls surrounding cities began to disappear when military technology surpassed their usefulness. Why would a city spend the time & $$ to build something that was a little use? Some examples of walled cities in US New Amsterdam (NYC): Wall St. was actually location of defensive wall used by Dutch against Native Americans & British. San Antonio??

18. Physical Differences b/t Urban Settlements Today, much more confusing Legal definition of a city? Urbanized Area Central city plus contiguous suburbs w/ pop over 1,000 per sq. mile 70% of US population live in a… Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA At least 50,000 County w/in which city is located Adjacent counties w/ high pop & large % that work in central city

19. Pflugerville Annexations HHS Black Hawk HEB Steeds Crossing Bohl’s Place Gatlinburg

20. Brugge, Belgium Fig. 12-12: Brugge (or Bruges) was a major port and wool manufacturing center from the 12th century. It is marked by squares surrounded by public buildings.

21. St. Louis Metropolitan Area Fig. 13-3: The metropolitan area of St. Louis is spread over several counties and two states. It is also a diversified trade center, given its position on the Mississippi River.

22. Austin-Round Rock MSA Counties in MSA Bastrop Caldwell Hays Travis Austin 743,074 (2007) Williamson Round Rock 96,992 (2007)

23. MSAs of Texas Each colored region represents an MSA. How many principle cities can you name for the MSAs?

24. Overlapping Metropolitan Areas When MSAs are close together, their influences can overlap….. MEGOLOPOLISWelcome to the MEGOLOPOLIS Washington DC – Boston, Mass. (Bos-wash) Were considered separate, then combined, then separated again into two MSAs Why? While people often commute b/t the two to work or for entertainment, the two cities have different functions and characters

25. Megalopolis Fig. 13-4: The Boston–Washington corridor contains about one-quarter of U.S. population.

26. Megolopoli at Night BosWash Pop: 55 million Density: 931 per sq mile Taikeiyo Belt (aka, Tokaido) Pop: 90 million Density: 2,000 per sq mile

27. Key Issue 2: Urban Structure I. Three models of urban structure A. Concentric zone model B. Sector model C. Multiple nuclei model II. Geographic applications III. Use of the models outside North America A. European cities B. LDC’s

28. Burgess Concentric Zone Model Fig. 13-5: In the concentric zone model, a city grows in a series of rings surrounding the CBD. Immigrant / Low Income Housing Working Class Housing Suburbia Middle Class

29. Similarities b/t Burgess Model & von Thunen Model Prior to the development of modern transportation systems, how was the cost of land affected by its distance from market? How has modern transportation systems affected the cost of land relative to its distance from market?

30. Sector Model Fig. 13-6: In the sector model, a city grows in a series of wedges or corridors extending out from the CBD.

31. Multiple Nuclei Model Fig. 13-7: The multiple nuclei model views a city as a collection of individual centers, around which different people and activities cluster.

32. Why are these Models useful? Help geographers, economists, sociologists, and city planners explain settlement patterns. Combining the models allows for greater understanding of 2 things: 1. why people live where they do 2. why businesses locate where they do

33. Can one city represent more than one model?? YES!!

34. Indianapolis: Percent Renters Fig. 13-8: The distribution of renters in Indianapolis illustrates the concentric zone model.

35. Indianapolis: Household Income Fig. 13-9: The distribution of high income households in Indianapolis is an example of a sector model.

36. Indianapolis: Ethnic Patterns Fig. 13-10: The distribution of minorities in Indianapolis is an example of a multiple nuclei model.

37. Areas in white are bodies of water, government lands or facilities. Income Distribution in Central Texas Williamson Bastrop Caldwell Hays Travis What model does central Texas follow most closely?

40. Use of the Models outside of US Generally, the opposite trends are noticed outside the US Europe and LDCs The higher the income, live closer to CBD More parks and open space The lower the income, live further from CBD Built high-rise apartments for workers/low income Paris Riots in 2005 LDCs Layout and demographic distribution affected by colonization

41. Professionals in Glasgow Fig. 13-11: Top professionals in Glasgow, Scotland, are more likely to live near the center of the city, in contrast to most U.S. cities.

42. Mexico City Fig. 13-12: The Aztec city of Tenochtitlán was built on an island in Lake Texcoco. Today poorer people live on a landfill in the former lakebed, and the elite live to the west.

47. Squatter settlements UN estimates up to 200 million people live in these settlements. No services. Why do people live here? Go to favela presentation

51. Fès (Fez), Morocco Fig. 13-13: The old city has narrow winding streets and dense population. The French laid out a new district to the west with a geometric street pattern.

52. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Fig. 13-14: In Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), the French demolished the previous city and replaced it with a colonial design with boulevards and public squares.

53. Latin American City Model Fig. 13-15: In many Latin American cities, the wealthy live in the inner city and in a sector extending along a commercial spine. The model was developed by Larry Ford.

54. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Fig. 13-16: High income households in Rio de Janeiro live in the CBD and in a spine along the ocean. Low-income households often live in peripheral areas.