1. 1 Lesson Topic 3.1 CLEANING AND GAS FREEING

2. 2 INTRODUCTION As Gas Free Engineering Personnel you will be expected to know the various methods available to clean tanks and requirements to make them gas free. As Gas Free Engineering Personnel you will be expected to know the various methods available to clean tanks and requirements to make them gas free. Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

3. 3 ENABLING OBJECTIVES b Describe the procedures, equipment and personnel safety precautions used with the Butterworthing method, Chemical cleaning, Steam Cleaning, and Hot or Cold washing in accordance with NSTM Chapter 074 Vol. 3, Gas Free Engineering, NSTM Chapter 631 Vol. 2, Preservation of Ships in Service - Surface Preparation and Painting, Manual for Cargo Tank Cleaning and OPNAVINST 5100.19, series. Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

4. 4 ENABLING OBJECTIVES b Describe the cleaning process, testing, safety precautions and procedures required for entry into DFM/F-76, CHT, JP-5, and Gasoline tanks, in accordance with NSTM Chapter 074 Vol. 3, Gas Free Engineering, NSTM Chapter 631 Vol. 2, Preservation of Ships in Service - Surface Preparation and Painting, NSTM Chapter 541, Ship Fuel and Fuel Systems and OPNAVINST 5100.19, series. Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

5. 5 Tank Cleaning Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

6. 6 Tank Cleaning Requirements Maintenance cleaningMaintenance cleaning Tank inspection or minor repairTank inspection or minor repair Shipyard overhaul or major repairShipyard overhaul or major repair Change of cargoChange of cargo After a contaminated cargoAfter a contaminated cargo Preparation for loadingPreparation for loading Preparation for ballastingPreparation for ballasting Activation and inactivation of vesselActivation and inactivation of vessel Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

7. 7 Tank Cleaning b Spaces like fuel tanks are normally cleaned in a properly equipped shore support facility. Only properly equipped ships like oilers will clean such spaces as a matter of normal routine.Only properly equipped ships like oilers will clean such spaces as a matter of normal routine. Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

8. 8 Tank Cleaning Initial testing and evaluation of the space.Initial testing and evaluation of the space. Prescribing conditions of entry for cleaning.Prescribing conditions of entry for cleaning. Gas Free Engineer responsibilities NOTE: The GFE will know the various cleaning methods for any given circumstance, in order to evaluate any hazard that may develop during or after cleaning. Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

9. 9 Tank Cleaning Issuance of a provisional certificateIssuance of a provisional certificate Specifying conditions during cleaningSpecifying conditions during cleaning Testing and evaluation of the space after cleaning.Testing and evaluation of the space after cleaning. Collaboration, when necessary, with cleaning personnel.Collaboration, when necessary, with cleaning personnel. Gas Free Engineer responsibilities Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

10. 10 Tank Cleaning Inspecting personnelInspecting personnel Precautions prior to tank cleaning Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

11. 11 Tank Cleaning Inspecting personnelInspecting personnel –Proper clothing –Proper equipment Precautions prior to tank cleaning NOTE: The safety observer should have a list of the equipment to be allowed into the space. Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

12. 12 Tank Cleaning Inspecting personnelInspecting personnel –Proper clothing –Proper equipment –Not intoxicated or on drugs Precautions prior to tank cleaning NOTE: The safety observer should have a list of the equipment to be allowed into the space. Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

13. 13 Tank Cleaning Common hazardsCommon hazards –Use caution when entering or leaving tanks to avoid are slipping or falling, low overheads, and electrical shock. Physical hazards can be avoided byPhysical hazards can be avoided by –Proper instruction of personnel –Good judgement –Constant alertness Precautions prior to tank cleaning Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

14. 14 Tank Cleaning Tending linesTending lines –Prevent lines and hoses from becoming tangled. –Do not pull on hoses –Do not climb on pipes Safety equipment Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

15. 15 Tank Cleaning Provide sufficient lightingProvide sufficient lighting –Explosive proof –Cables should be tied up –Scaffolding –Ladders with non-skid tips –Safety nets, belts Safety equipment Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

16. 16 Tank Cleaning Ensure that NO:Ensure that NO: –STEAM is admitted to tank with personnel inside –HIGH PRESSURE WATER is directed through manhole with personnel inside. Safety precautions Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

17. 17 Tank Cleaning Always be aware of potential danger due to the extremely hazardous situation inside a dark fuel tank.Always be aware of potential danger due to the extremely hazardous situation inside a dark fuel tank. Safety precautions Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

18. 18 Tank Cleaning Applications Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

19. 19 Tank Cleaning Applications b Many effective cleaning methods may be used to clean a confined or enclosed space. clean a confined or enclosed space. Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

20. 20 Tank Cleaning Applications b Selection of method may be governed by: Materials availableMaterials available The product involved (cleaning agent)The product involved (cleaning agent) Time allottedTime allotted Tank conditionTank condition Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

21. 21 Tank Cleaning Applications Effective when used in conjunction with the Wheeler method.Effective when used in conjunction with the Wheeler method. Suitable method of employing chemicals will be governed by:Suitable method of employing chemicals will be governed by: –Type of cleaning –Equipment available –Time allotted Chemical cleaning Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

22. 22 Tank Cleaning Applications Regardless of the method, all personnel shall be thoroughly indoctrinated in safe handling of:Regardless of the method, all personnel shall be thoroughly indoctrinated in safe handling of: –Chemical solvents –Emulsifiers Chemical cleaning Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

23. 23 Tank Cleaning Applications Butterworthing Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

24. 24 Tank Cleaning Applications Requires heated water (or cleaning oil)Requires heated water (or cleaning oil) –High pressure (175 PSI) –Revolving nozzle –Water temperature 165-185°F Butterworthing Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

25. 25 Tank Cleaning Applications Nozzle raised and loweredNozzle raised and lowered Butterworthing Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

26. 26 Tank Cleaning Applications Tank stripped continuously until the bottom is free of water, with the nozzle stream stirring sediment.Tank stripped continuously until the bottom is free of water, with the nozzle stream stirring sediment. Butterworthing Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

27. 27 Tank Cleaning Applications Water is supplied through specially constructed ground hose.Water is supplied through specially constructed ground hose. Butterworthing Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

28. 28 Tank Cleaning Applications Most thorough method of cleaning tanks. Consists of melting down materials No set procedure can be established to suit all fuel tanks Steam cleaning Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

29. 29 Tank Cleaning Applications Temperature of tank walls during steam cleaning must not be allowed to exceed 230°F.Temperature of tank walls during steam cleaning must not be allowed to exceed 230°F. CAUTION: Excessive temperature may cause buckling of walls, warping or cracking of structures, and may also dangerously overheat flammable or combustible materials within boundary spaces.. Steam cleaning Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

30. 30 Tank Cleaning Applications Caution must be used when attempting to steam clean tanks.Caution must be used when attempting to steam clean tanks. Tanks containing gasoline must be steam cleaned.Tanks containing gasoline must be steam cleaned. Steam cleaning Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

31. 31 Tank Cleaning Applications Method of cleaning using water under pressureMethod of cleaning using water under pressure In most instances, tanks containing hydrocarbons must be thoroughly steamed or treated with cleaning compounds before being washed.In most instances, tanks containing hydrocarbons must be thoroughly steamed or treated with cleaning compounds before being washed. Water washing Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

32. 32 Method of Gas Freeing DFM / F-76 / JP-5 Tanks and CHT systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

33. 33 Gas Freeing DFM / F-76 / JP-5 Tanks and CHT systems b Written permission from the Commanding Officer is required to open tanks. b Remove manhole cover. If presence of hydrocarbon vapors is suspected,If presence of hydrocarbon vapors is suspected, use non-sparking tools. use non-sparking tools. Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

34. 34 Gas Freeing DFM / F-76 / JP-5 Tanks and CHT systems b Test for oxygen deficiency Do not enter tankDo not enter tank Use drop check methodUse drop check method Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

35. 35 Gas Freeing DFM / F-76 / JP-5 Tanks and CHT systems b Test for combustible vapors Do not enter tankDo not enter tank Use drop check methodUse drop check method Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

36. 36 Gas Freeing DFM / F-76 / JP-5 Tanks and CHT systems b Test for toxic conditions Do not enter tankDo not enter tank Use drop check methodUse drop check method Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

37. 37 Testing tank every eight hours or as necessaryTesting tank every eight hours or as necessary Inspecting tanks for cleanlinessInspecting tanks for cleanliness Ensuring safe atmospheric conditions existEnsuring safe atmospheric conditions exist Certifying tank: Safe for Personnel Safe for Hot WorkCertifying tank: Safe for Personnel Safe for Hot Work Gas free engineer is responsible for: Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

38. 38 Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems A heavy blanket of organic sludge can accumulate on the bottom of a tank during routine CHT operations.A heavy blanket of organic sludge can accumulate on the bottom of a tank during routine CHT operations. The underlying layer of sludge generates hazardous gases -- hydrogen sulfide and methaneThe underlying layer of sludge generates hazardous gases -- hydrogen sulfide and methane Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

39. 39 Potential hazards exist when personnel are working on, or in, an open tank.Potential hazards exist when personnel are working on, or in, an open tank. Enforce safety precautions to ensure that health and well being of personnel are protected.Enforce safety precautions to ensure that health and well being of personnel are protected. Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

40. 40 CHT tank inspection and maintenance requiring tank entry.CHT tank inspection and maintenance requiring tank entry. Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing NOTE:All procedures for preparing a CHT tank for cleaning must be followed and adhered i.a.w. written procedures

41. 41 Safety precautions for personnel prior to tank opening:Safety precautions for personnel prior to tank opening: –Wear approved respiratory equipment Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

42. 42 Safety precautions for personnel prior to tank opening:Safety precautions for personnel prior to tank opening: –Two people will be outside the tank to: –Constantly observe personnel inside –Render assistance if required –Provide spare respiratory equipment for immediate use Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

43. 43 After opening tankAfter opening tank –Test the atmosphere of the space –O² –Explosive –Toxics –If the tank is not gas free, repeat the washdown procedures; retest and certify gas free if safe. Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

44. 44 –Recertification is made periodically: –No more than every eight hours and each time the ship moves or as specified by the GFE. Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

45. 45 VentilationVentilation –Force ventilate continuously taking suction from bottom of taking suction from bottom of tank and discharging directly tank and discharging directly to weather deck. to weather deck. –Make one complete air change every three minutes. every three minutes. Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

46. 46 Before tank entryBefore tank entry –Force ventilate for 30 minutes. –Clean thoroughly without entering –Continue ventilation during washdown –Gas Free Engineer tests tank. –If conditions are unsafe, continue ventilation and washdown until certified and safe. Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

47. 47 Equipment and clothing worn by personnel for tank entry.Equipment and clothing worn by personnel for tank entry. –Respiratory protection –Coveralls (white CHT) –Boots –Gloves –Head covering Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

48. 48 Protective equipment required for tank entry:Protective equipment required for tank entry: –Respiratory equipment –Protective clothing (light-colored material coverall ) –Acid-resistant boots –Acid-resistant gloves Gasoline Tanks Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

49. 49 All spaces into which gasoline vapors issue must be constantly and thoroughly ventilated.All spaces into which gasoline vapors issue must be constantly and thoroughly ventilated. WARNING: BREATHING AIR RICH IN GASOLINE VAPORS CAN CAUSE DEATH. Gasoline Tanks Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

50. 50 No person shall enter a gasoline storage tank for any purpose without obtaining the Commanding Officer's permission each time.No person shall enter a gasoline storage tank for any purpose without obtaining the Commanding Officer's permission each time. Gasoline Tanks Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

51. 51 Procedures for entering a tank certified gas free and safeProcedures for entering a tank certified gas free and safe –Enter the tank and remove remaining sludge NOTE: If only one person enters a tank, a safety harness and tending line must be used. Gasoline Tanks Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

52. 52 After sludge removal and tank cleaningAfter sludge removal and tank cleaning –Retest and certify gas free and safe, or unsafe. –If unsafe then ventilate and repeat washdown procedures until certified gas free and safe. Gasoline Tanks Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

53. 53 If safe, Work can now continue inside the tank without respiratory equipment with:If safe, Work can now continue inside the tank without respiratory equipment with: –Continuous ventilation –GFE approval Gasoline Tanks Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

54. 54 The frequency of testing to be performed is stated on the gas free certificate.The frequency of testing to be performed is stated on the gas free certificate. WARNING: No welding or hot work shall be performed on the tank until the Gas Free Engineer certifies the tank is safe for hot work. Gasoline Tanks Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

55. 55 REVIEW AND SUMMARY Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

56. 56 Review and Summary b Tank Cleaning b Tank Cleaning Applications b Method of Gas Freeing DFM / F-76 / JP-5 Tanks and CHT systems Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing

57. 57 ANY QUESTIONS? Lesson Topic 3.1, Cleaning and Gas Freeing