1. Chapter One
Chapter One
Computer Basics
Part 1

2. Computers systems come in many different sizes and shapes, according to the user’s wants and the manufacture’s style.

3. A notebook computer, sometimes called a “laptop” is gaining popularity due to low power processor chips.

4. But they all have commonalties.

5. They all have monitors, as an output device, this one is a CRT (cathode ray tube).

6. Flat screen LCD (liquid crystal display) type monitor.
The same type is used in laptops

7. A laptop monitor is built into the top cover, LCD type.

8. A keyboard as an input device.

9. An ergomatic keyboard.

10. A laptop’s keyboard is built into the bottom section.

11. A mouse, as an input device.

12. Some keyboards have a trackball (an upside-down mouse) built into them.

13. Laptops have a type of mouse built in.
Touchpoint
Touchpad

14. A system unit.

15. The system unit houses an array of storage and file transfer devices, located in the front panel for easy access.

16. A computer’s system unit typically contains circuit boards, a power supply, and storage devices.
A few wires and cables connect storage devices to the power supply and circuit boards.
Ports and sockets to connect to input and output devices (called peripheral devices).
Fans to cool the components and indicator lights.

18. The Main component of a System Unit is the motherboard, or system board.

20. Most of the electronic components inside a computer are integrated circuits (ICs).

21. A DIP (dual in-line pins) is the most common
A DIP (dual in-line pins) is the most common. DIPs contain specialized support circuitry.

22. Other ICs are DIMM (dual in-line Memory Modules), Used in RAM (Random Access Memory).

23. RAM (Random Access Memory)
volatile memory
holds ops for more than one cycle
allows CPU to become a tool

24. Some are used for ROM (read-only memory) BIOS (basic input/output system).

25. ROM (read-only memory) is nonvolatile memory
Holds program instructions after power off
Instruction set for startup
BIOS (basic input/output system)

26. CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)
permanent as long as battery voltage is applied
Holds PC setup
User intervention

27. Still other ICs are PGA (pin-grid array) a square chip package used for the main processing circuitry.

28. The largest processor package is the SEC (single edge contact) cartridge of the Pentium III.

29. The largest feature of an IC is the lead frame package
The largest feature of an IC is the lead frame package. The chip of the biggest IC is the size of your fingernail.

30. Contained in this chip can be millions of transistors, resistors, and other electronic components.

31. Another feature of the motherboard is the expansion slots which allows the installation of input and output expansion cards for video, sound, and etc.

33. ISA (industry standard architecture).
ISA slots are an older technology, used today for some modems and other relatively slow devices. Many new computers have few or no ISA slots

35. PCI (peripheral component interconnect).
PCI slots offer fast transfer speeds and a 64-bit data bus. These slots typically house a graphics card, sound card, video capture card, modem, or network interface card (NIC).

37. AGP (accelerated graphics port).
Primarily used for graphics cards, and faster than a PCI slot, an AGP slot provides a high-speed data pathway that is particularly handy for 3-D graphics.

39. Expansion cards simply slide into an expansion slot.
Video card

40. Sound card

41. A NIC (network interface card)

43. Installation of an expansion card is easy, just plug it in.

44. Expansion cards are added to a laptop by means of a PCMCIA ( Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) slot.

45. An external NIC (network interface card), a hard disk, or a modem (modulation-demodulation) card can be added to a laptop.

47. To connect a peripheral device to an expansion card, you plug a cable from that peripheral device into an expansion port.

48. Connects to the Video port
CONNECTORS
Connects to the Video port
15 pins
Monitor

49. CONNECTORS
LPT
25 pins
Printer, external CD-ROM drive, external Zip, external hard drive.
Connects to parallel port, which sends data simultaneously over eight data lines at speeds of 12,000 Kbps (kilobits per seconds)

50. CONNECTORS
Connects to serial port, which sends data over a single data line one bit at a time at speeds of 56 Kbps.
Mouse or
Modem
COM
9 pins

51. CONNECTORS
Connects to the “FireWire” port, which sends data at 400,000 Kbps
Video camera, and external DVD drive

52. CONNECTORS Scuzzy 50 pins
Can support up to 16 devices in a “Daisy Chain”. Hard drives, scanner, CD-ROM, tape backup.
Connects to SCSI port, which sends data simultaneously over 8 or 16 data lines at speeds between 5 Mbps and 80 Mbps (Mega bits per second).

53. Modem, keyboard, joystick, scanner, and mouse.
CONNECTORS
Universal Serial Bus
Modem, keyboard, joystick, scanner, and mouse.
Connects to USB port, which sends data over a single data line at speeds of 12,000 Kbps. Supports up to 127 devices.

54. CONNECTORS
Connects to networking port, which sends data over two pairs of data lines at speeds of 10 to 100 Mbps.
RJ-45
Intranet

55. Solid state, transistors and diodes built into an IC.
Memory storage at present fall into three basic categories.
Solid state, transistors and diodes built into an IC.
RAM
ROM

56. Memory storage at present fall into three basic categories.
Magnetic media
Floppy disks
3.5”
5.25”
Hard disk
Zip Disk
Tape
used for backup

57. Memory storage at present fall into three basic categories.
Optical storage media
CD-ROM
compact disk - read only memory
DVD
digital video disc or digital versatile disc

58. Magnetic Media Devices

59. CD-ROM (Compact disk - read only memory)
File transfer devices
CD-ROM (Compact disk - read only memory)

60. File transfer devices
CD-ROM and DVD are similar in constructions, the DVD rows are closer together and the holes are smaller.

61. File transfer devices

62. File transfer devices

63. Floppy and Zip disk capacities
File transfer devices
Floppy and Zip disk capacities

64. File transfer devices

65. A hard disk is located inside the system unit.
File storage devices
A hard disk is located inside the system unit.

66. Hard disk platters store data in the same manner as floppy disk
File storage devices
Hard disk platters store data in the same manner as floppy disk

68. Rough handling or particles on the surface of a disk can destroy it.

69. The substrate material for floppy disks is a mylar (plastic)
The substrate material for floppy disks is a mylar (plastic). The substrate material for the Winchester or hard drive is mainly aluminum.
A finely ground metal oxide (rust) is applied to the substrate as the magnetic media. The same material is used on tape.

70. Binary

71. One if by land, and two if by sea

73. Paul Revere knew if all lanterns were off then the British weren’t coming

74. Paul knew if one lantern were on then the British were coming by land.

75. Paul Revere knew if two lanterns were on then the British were coming by sea.

76. What Paul didn’t know was the position of the lanterns (digits).
MSD (Most significant digit)
LSD (Least significant digit)
What Paul didn’t know was the position of the lanterns (digits).

77. If he had known the position of the MSD and the LSD then the binary data could have contained more information.

78. Powers of two - lanterns on (1) off (0)
two possible states,
thus the powers of two

79. 22
MSD 20 23 21
LSD
If the Old Church had had two steeples

80. The maximum number of different units of information you can convey with n bits is 2n

81. Four bits of digital data is called a “nibble”.

82. Eight bits of digital data is called a “byte”,
Six lanterns representing the number 50, if all six were lit then they would represent 63
MSD
LSD
Eight bits of digital data is called a “byte”,
It is also called a word.

83. When you press the keys on your keyboard the data is transferred to the computer by digital binary information in the form of ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).

85. Power on

87. A 5volt and 12volt power supply furnishes power to the system.

88. POST (power-on self-test)

89. If you enter advanced BIOS the boot-up can be changed to “C”

90. Using Windows as an OS (operating System)