1. A cell and its population of genes :

2. DNA forms double strands by a process called hybridization:

3. Labeling

4. Hybridization

5. m109 oligo placenta complex

6. 2 color fluoresent dye labeled mRNA

7. Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays

9. Illumina bead arrays

12. Illumina flyer

13. SNP detection (slide from NCBI, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/probe/doc/TechBeadArray.shtml

14. RNA-seq From: RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics Zhong Wang, Mark Gerstein & Michael Snyder Nature Reviews Genetics 10, 57-63

15. Estimation of gene expression from RNA-seq: RPKM values Number of reads which map per kilobase of exon per million mapped reads for each gene

17. Theoretical Bioinformatics Dr. Benedikt Brors

18. Two samples from the same kidney carcinoma

19. Cancer – normal comparison

20. Cancer-normal comparison: significance?

21. MA-plot: Minus vs. Average (Wikipedia)

22. Questions Differential genes between two conditions (e.g., healthy/diseased) Coexpressed genes: pathways, coregulation Genes characteristic for particular conditions (e.g., tumor staging)