1. State Machine Diagram Chapter 10

2. State Machine Diagram Used to describe system behavior

3. State Machines Simple set of notational elements state-name Initial state (pseudo-state) State Final state trigger[guard]/activity Super state transition

4. Start/Final states Start state indicates where the state machine starts Final state indicates that the machine should terminate

5. States Intermediate state of the system –entry/activity: perform the activity when the state is entered –exit/activity: perform the activity when the state is exited –trigger/internal activity: perform the internal activity whenever trigger occurs state-name entry/activity exit/activity trigger/internal activity …

6. Activity state Think of this as a state with a separate running thread that can be interrupted at any time –As opposed to being in a “regular” state just waiting for a trigger to arrive –Note that a trigger[guard]/activity (next slide) cannot be interrupted state-name do/activity

7. Super state Just a way of grouping states to remove clutter from a diagram –When two or more states have the same transition[guard]/activity (next slide) to the same next state you can group them together and not have to show each and every individual transition x[y]/z

8. Concurrent states When you have multiple state machines running concurrently (threads or multi-processing) –The history pseudo state (H) indicates the default state when entire machine is started H

9. Transition Cause the current state of the machine to change from state to another –trigger: event that occurs causing the change –[guard]: condition that must be true for the change to occur –activity: action performed as a result of the transition trigger[guard]/activity

10. Transition All three parts are optional –If there is no specified trigger, the state performs any enter/exit/internal activities then leaves immediately Transitions out of a single state must be unique with respect to trigger[guard] specifications –Unless you want a stochastic system (randomly choose the transition when the trigger[guard] occurs) Can use logical connectors (and, or, not)

11. Summary Processing begins at initial state Proceeds to intermediate states –Event triggered transition Leave one state, enter the next –Unconditional transition Processing in the state finishes (e.g. start state) –Concludes when the (a) final state is reached May be more than 1 final states

12. Example Enter PasswordAuthenticate User characters typed typed valid user invalid user Login

13. State Machines (cont.) Like everything else, state machines will be developed through a series of refinements The process ends when all states are “self-explanatory” The process results in a hierarchy of state machines Root node of the hierarchy is the system itself

14. State Machines (cont.) Note that these are NOT flow charts!!! –Flow charts provide a one-to-one correspondence with code –State machines provide a one-to-one correspondence with architectural elements

15. Specification Changes

16. Scoring Manual mode only Score counter starts at 0 Increments by 1 each time the ball hits the paddle Stops incrementing when the ball moves below the paddle (game ends) Should be displayed at all times

17. Difficulty levels Manual mode only When the number of paddle hits (score) is a multiple of 10 but not a multiple of 20, increase the speed of the ball by 5% When the number of paddle hits (score) is a multiple of 20, decrease the size of the paddle by 5%

18. Score database When a game ends (see scoring on previous slide) have the user enter their name and save the name/score in a “database” Add a button to show the top 10 scores and the player names Add a button to show all scores for a particular player (read the player name from the user)

19. Deliverables Sequence diagram(s) User interface design (mock-up) State machine diagram for the user interface Revised specification Due two weeks from tonight –Be prepared to discuss next week