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Published byDaniella Mathews Modified over 9 years ago
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Ch 52 1
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ICT is used in many ways in the provision and management of healthcare services: Hospital administration Medical training Maintenance of patient records Communications between doctors/patients/hospitals Diagnosis Monitoring Surgeries
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You should have an understanding of a wide range of work-related ICT applications and their effects, including applications in medicine doctors’ information systems hospital and pharmacy records Monitoring expert systems for diagnosis
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We will look at the processes in a logical order, considering the advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in each one.
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Patient records used to be written on paper, and stored in huge, manual databases. This made accessing the records slow. Sometimes records could get lost, and there was no easy way to make a back-up copy, or to search for specific groups of patients
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When a patient registers at a surgery, details are recorded on a database Computerized databases mean that patient data can be easily shared between doctors, pharmacies and other hospitals It is easy to search for and retrieve patient records
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In the case of hospitals, the patient data that would be typically stored would be: Patient ID (number or text) - this would be the key field Name (text) Date-of-birth (date) Gender (boolean) Next of kin (text) Blood group (text) Allergies (text) Medical history (text) Doctor currently treating (text) Current symptoms (text) Current diagnosis (text) Current treatment (text) Current medication (text) X-rays or body scans (links to image/video files)
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Security Access rights & levels Ease & speed of transferring to a new doctor BUT: DPA Over reliance? Expense Training Changeover issues
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Allocating appointment times Managing doctors’ workload Easy to see Weekly/monthly overview Searches possible Notes Colour coding BUT? – saving/overwriting/cost/training
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Video Clip: NHS introduces electronic booking system
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Doctors can access a patient’s records whilst they are visiting patients, by using a computer connected wirelessly to the hospital network. Advantages? Possible problems?
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Doctors often use tablet computers (which are portable like laptops, but have a touch screen, and no keyboard) as they can be held in one hand, and operated with the other. Notes can be written on the screen using a stylus, and handwriting-recognition software converts it into computer text data.
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Ease & speed of access to relevant patient information No need to carry notes around (bulky, heavy, problems in case they are lost) Access to communications if need for urgent referral to hospital etc Also access to online diagnostic tools/reference material
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Cost Training Theft issues Battery issues What if it breaks down? Network availability in some areas Data protection issues
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Need for speed and accuracy New & unusual conditions Levels of experience can vary! Area of expertise Training Years of practise
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Accessed through records Previous treatments & success rates Any reactions to drugs?
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Embedded computer systems Electronic diagnostic equipment eg body scanners CT scanners and MRI scanners allow doctors to investigate what is happening inside a patient's body without intrusive surgery.
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May contain sensors Physical data is analogue, so need for ADC CAT scans MRIs X ray Ultrasound
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Video clip: New Ultrasound scans
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Non-invasive: Faster Cheaper Less risk of side effects or infection More convenient for patient and doctor 3D is possible Access to research/info
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Equipment is very expensive Training is required Breakdowns Some equipment may not be available in all areas – digital divide issues
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