1. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 1 LCB Computing Workshop (Marseille) Network Technology Tracking u ATM Technologies and Services  Status  ATM in Internet Backbones u Technology Update  emerging “Terabit” routers  WDM u IP related Technologies and Services  Status  Quality of Service (QoS)  High Speed file transfer  State of the Internet »IAB workshop »Research and Academic networking u LHC Bandwidth Requirements  Evolution of circuit costs

2. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 2 ATM Technologies and Services l ATM still ubiquitous in many large Internet backbones: lBack in 1996, the fastest router and switch interfaces available were ATM based lATM switch based core versus IP router based core. l Packet over SONET (POS) now mature. lHigher speed interfaces available (e.g. 2.5Gbps) l Packet over WDM coming. l There is nothing wrong with “cell based” switching, the problem is the availability of very high speed router interfaces (Segmentation and Re-assembly (SAR)). l However, the Internet is packet oriented, does “packet mode” ATM make sense?

3. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 3 Technology Update l Emerging “Terabit” routers! lA number of startups are trying to beat Cisco, e.g. l Juniper, Avici, Nexabit, Pluris l vBNS, C&W, Uunet are using Juniper M40 l DANTE is testing Juniper as well l Fastest routers are still disappointingly slow (i.e. less than 100Gbps). lBreakthrough needed ((partly) optical router)? l Wave Division Multiplex (WDM) levolving very fast (number of channels)

4. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 4 IP related Technologies and Services  Status »622Mbps (OC-12c) common, 2.5Gbps (OC-48c) (almost) standard in large backbones, »10Gbps (OC-192c) coming.  Quality of Service (QoS) »intserv versus diffserv »ATM »community versus public Internets  High Speed file transfer »will remain problematic on high bandwidth*delay paths »could possibly conflict with strong security requirements  State of the Internet »IAB workshop »Research and Academic networking

5. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 5 Quality of Service (QoS)  Two approaches proposed by the IETF: »integrated services (intserv), u intserv is an end-to-end architecture based on RSVP that has poor scaling properties. »differentiated services (diffserv). u diffserv is a newer and simpler proposal that has much better chances to get deployed in some real Internet Service Providers environments, at least.  ATM is far from dead, of course, but it has serious scaling difficulties.  MPLS is promising.  In the meantime, community Internets will remain the best solution.

6. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 6 Internet Access Models CERN STARTAP Japan Commodity Internet Canada ESnet MREN vBNS Abilene TEN-155 CIXP CERN PoP USA JANET DFN SURFNET Mission oriented

7. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 7 Evolution of circuit costs u LHC Bandwidth Requirements  622 Mbps between CERN and some (or all) LHC regional centers by 2003-2005 u Evolution of circuit costs  3 scenarios »conservative (-15% per year) »plausible (-33% per year) »optimistic (-50% per year)  Optimistic scenario excepted, there seems to be no other way to reach the LHC target than to significantly increase the budget (factor 3 to 5), depending on the year of delivery. Evolution of circuit costs

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12. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 12 Conclusions u Multiple 622Mbps circuits will be possible.  almost there today but make sure the “c” is not missing (i.e. OC-12c (622Mbps) vs OC-12 (4*155Mbps)). u Cost may be problematic (5-10MCHF per circuit). u Very high speed LAN implied. u Gigabit/second file transfer on high bandwidth*delay paths problematic. u The public Internet as well as national research networks are evolving in a way nobody can predict.  This will have a profound impact on LHC u Full 1999 Network Technology Tracking Team Report available at:  http://network.cern.ch/public/studies/nt3/nt3-1999.doc  http://network.cern.ch/public/studies/nt3/nt3-1999.html

13. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 13 Background Material u Main Internet connections u Telecom Operators & ISPs u CERN Internet eXchange Point (CIXP) u CERN GigaPoP (August 1999) u C&W (Chicago) Colocation Status (August 99) u STAR TAP access model u STAR TAP u STAR TAP

14. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 14 Main Internet connections@CERN l RENATER (French Academic & Research Network). l SWITCH Next Generation (Swiss Academic & Research Network (supplied by diAx)). l TEN-155 (Trans-European Network - 155 Mb/s). lCombined CERN-SWITCH access (25% CERN, I.e. 40Mbps) l US Line consortium (USLIC) lCERN, US/HEP (via Caltech & DoE), Canada/HEP (via Carleton) lIN2P3 (CCPN Lyon). lWorld Health Organization (WHO).

15. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 15 Telecom Operators & ISPs@CERN l France Telecom fiber installed 2*OC48 (2.4 Gbps). l Swisscom 2*OC12 (622 Mb/s) redundant SDH local loop installed. l New Telecom Operators DiaX, SIG/Thermelec, SUNRISE, MCI/Worldcom, Carrier1, Multilink(*), SmartPhone(*). l More Telcos expected to come (e.g. COLT) l 20+ Commercial Internet Service Providers (ISP)

16. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 16 CERN Internet eXchange Point (CIXP) RENATER USLIC IN2P3 TEN-155 US Internet ATM Test Beds SWITCH FDDI Catalyst 5505 Transparent WEB Cache Fast Ethernet Carrier1 GlobalOne HP IBM EUnet Sunrise/ BT Petrel IProLink/ PSInet Swisscom IP-Plus AT&T Wisper INS Switched Ethernet AFstats FDDI EBONE ISDnet SKYcache Deckpoint Bloomberg

17. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 17 CERN GigaPoP (August 1999) CERN RENATER C-IXP SwissWAN WHO TEN-155 C&W SWITCH 39/155 Mb/s 6 Mb/s 2Mb/s 100 Mb/s 20Mb/s 100 Mb/s 155 Mb/s National Research Networks Mission Oriented Link Public Test Commercial IN2P3 2Mb/s

18. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 18 C&W (Chicago) Co-location Status (August 99) C&W Internet STAR TAP C&W (Chicago) CERN - USA LS1010 CERN (Geneva) STM-1 CERNH8 LS1010 T3 C&W T3 E3

19. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 19 STAR TAP access model CERN C&W (ATM VBR-nrt) C&W Chicago STARTAP Japan C&W Internet Canada ESnet MREN vBNS Abilene

20. Olivier Martin - 1/10/99 - Slide 20 STAR TAP  STAR TAP (Science Technology & Research Transit Access Point) is one of three Internet eXchange Points provided by AADS (Ameritech Advanced Data Services) out of a huge ATM switch, namely: »Chicago NAP »MREN (Metropolitan Research and Education Network), the local Internet2 GigaPoP. »STAR TAP  A by-product is a full mesh of ATM VC with ALL the connected ISPs, thus making it easy to establish peerings and/ot to buy commercial Internet services (e.g. NAP.NET).