1. Trends in Library Resource Management and Discovery
Marshall Breeding
Independent Consultant, Author, and
Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides
OCLC Seminar 
August 08, 2015

2. Description
Marshall Breeding will give an overview of the current realm of library resource management systems and discovery services, highlighting some of the major technology trends. These products increasingly leverage use data and social networking concepts to provide more targeted and personalized services.

3. Library Technology Guides

4. Libraries.org data
Visualizations based on ILS data in libraries.org

5. Product Selections

6. Product De-selections

7. WorldShare implementations by Size

8. WorldShare Management Services by Type

9. Alma – Implementations by Type

10. Alma – Implementations by Size

11. Sierra implementations by Type

12. Sierra implementations by Size

13. Sierra migration Patterns

14. Evergreen implementations by Type

15. Perceptions 2014 http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/
Annual survey for Libraries
Satisfaction levels for
Company
Current ILS
Service
Loyalty
Migration Plans
3,141 Responses
80 Countries

16. Perceptions Survey 2014
Sample: Large Academic Libraries

17. Libraries Considering Switching Systems

18. Satisfaction levels: Large Academic

19. Library Technology Industry Reports
American Libraries
Library Journal
2013: Rush to Innovate
2012: Agents of Change
2011: New Frontier
2010: New Models, Core Systems
2009: Investing in the Future
2008: Opportunity out of turmoil
2007: An industry redefined
2006: Reshuffling the deck
2005: Gradual evolution
2004: Migration down, innovation up
2003: The competition heats up
2002: Capturing the migrating customer
2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation
2015: Operationalizing Innovation

20. Library Systems Report 2015
“Operationalizing innovation”

22. Industry Revenues $1.8 billion global industry
$805 million from companies involved in the US
$495 million from US Libraries

23. Personnel Resources 2014

24. Personnel Growth / Loss

25. Industry and Business Trends

26. Mergers and Acquisitions

27. Consolidation
Industry dominated by a small number of large organizations
EBSCO Information Services
ProQuest
OCLC
Ex Libris
Innovative Interfaces
SirsiDynix
Follett

28. Mid-sized and Small Companies
Limited geographic scope
Sector-specific products
Maintain profitable niche
Acquisition targets

29. Overlap between Content and Technology
Content companies ever more deeply extended into resource management and discovery technologies
Technology companies involved in content creation and integration
E-resource Knowledgebases (Journal level)
Discovery indexes (Article level)

30. EBSCO Information Services
Subject Indexing: EBSCO databases
Content aggregation: EBSCOhost platform
Discovery Technology: EBSCO Discovery Service
Print acquisition pipeline: YBP, GOBI3
Serials Acquisition pipeline
EBSCO Subscription Services
E-books (academic)

31. ProQuest Database creation and aggregation
ProQuest Platform
Print acquisition pipeline: Couts, MyiLibrary
Discovery Technology: Summon
Resource management
360 Resource Manager
360 Link
Intota (Print + electronic)

32. Library sector involvement
Ex Libris: Higher Education
oMbiel campusM platform
ProQuest: Colleges and University
Follett: PreK-12 schools and districts
SirsiDynix: Public, academic, special
Innovative: Public, Academic, special
OCLC: current emphasis on academic

33. Industry Growth Organic: capture new accounts
Technology: Shift to hosted services
Geographic: expand into new international regions

34. Ownership models Private Equity Family owned Membership owned
Ex Libris (Golden Gate)
Innovative (HCCG, JMI)
SirsiDynix (ICV)
Family owned
Follett
EBSCO
ProQuest (Snyder / Goldman Sachs)
Membership owned
OCLC

35. Technology Trends

36. Deployment strategies
In previous phase, libraries preferred local hosting and were skeptical of hosted offerings
Libraries now favor hosted services
Lack local IT staff and facilities
Prefer to use technical personnel for tasks other than infrastructure upkeep
Expect leverage for resource sharing and other benefits
Ongoing concern for data ownership, privacy, local control

37. Software as a Service Globally deployed platform Web-native interfaces
Scaleable, redundant, secure
Web-native interfaces
Multi-tenant: multiple institutional, single code base
Globally shared resources
Institutionally segregated resources

38. Hosted services Hosted instances of client/server systems
Locally installed staff clients
Institutional or consortial instance
Very difficult to reengineer client/server products to multi-tenant platforms
Common to move to hosted service even when not changing systems

39. Open source ILS Software model favored by libraries
Current products oriented to small to mid-sized libraries
Koha -- institutional
Evergreen – consortial
Academic and research libraries
Kuali OLE

40. API Ecosystem Applications Programming Interface
Programmatically extract or load data, consume functionality
Real-time interoperability with external systems and services
Supplements or replaces standard protocols
Community platforms: documentation, sharable code, sandbox environment

41. Metadata models MARC dominates ILS products
Library Services Platforms assume multiple metadata formats
Full support expected for RDA
Expectation to support BIBFAME in near future

42. Trends in Library Resource Management

43. Academic Libraries:
Collection spending dominated by subscriptions to electronic content
Remnant spending for monographs
Firm orders for print
Demand-driven acquisitions for e-books

44. Transition to Electronic Publishing
Academic libraries devote majority of collections budgets to electronic materials
Open access represents a growing proportion of scholarly resources, though still a small minority
Public libraries increasingly offer e-book lending services
Academic libraries: primarily electronic collections
Public Libraries: Primarily physical collections

45. Implications of e-publishing
Resource management systems for academic libraries must be optimized for electronic resources
License management
Open access outside of paid subscriptions
Portfolio-based management – use knowledge base to delineate individual titles and date coverage of aggregated content packages
Efficiently manage e-books
Demand-driven acquisitions

46. Public Libraries: Vigorous lending of print materials
Rising interest in e-book lending
Marginal investment in e-resource databases

47. E-book lending High demand for integration technologies
E-book lending fully blended within the library’s own online catalog or discovery interface
Simple selection, download, and reading of e- books
Librarians demand fair pricing models
Publishers continue to fear impact on sales
Impose policies that create more friction

48. Integrate e-book platforms
Overdrive
3M Cloud Library
Axis 360

49. Manage local e-book collections
“Douglas County” model
Owned, locally hosted titles
Odilo as example of new type of e-book service provider

50. School Libraries: Access to appropriate resources
Age
Reading level
Oriented to district-wide resource management and discovery
Low per-school costs for technology
Technologies that penetrate beyond the library into the school or district
Different assumptions for privacy and security

51. Functionality Trends

52. Fragmented Resource Management
Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print
Duplicative financial systems between library and university
Electronic Resource Management
E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver
A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids
Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending)
Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)
Separate systems for archival materials and special collections
Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections
No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

53. Cycles of fragmentation > unification
Early Phase: Modular automation
Integrated Library Systems
Proliferation of systems to manage electronic resources and digital collections
Current unification phase: library services platforms bring together print and electronic resource management
Next phase? Bring archival and digital assets under common management platform

54. Comprehensive Resource Management
Simplify resource management through platform consolidation
Separate components: ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model
Consolidation requires a flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

55. Library Services Platform
Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services
Services
Services-oriented architecture
Exposes Web services and other API’s
Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform
General infrastructure for library automation
Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service
Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

56. Library Services Platforms – Functional
Manages electronic and print formats of materials
Replaces multiple incumbent products
Extensive Metadata Management
Multiple procurement workflows
Knowledgebases
Built-in collection analytics
Decision support for collection development

57. Knowledge bases
Electronic Resource Management based on collective database of the body of e-content rather than library- by-library management
LSP extends knowledge base model to all resources
Make links or associations from local holdings to common bibliographic records
WorldShare Management Services – based on WorldCat Bibliographic records
Ex Libris Alma – includes Community Zone of shared records and resources
Intota: expanded knowledge base that includes MARC and other resources

58. Actionable analytics Previous generation of ILS offered reports
Libraries now expect sophisticated analytics
Make data-driven collection decisions
Anticipate interest and use levels
Cost per use

59. Support for BIBFRAME
New bibliographic framework based on mapping MARC concepts and data into linked data model
No direct support for BIBFRAME in either integrated library systems or library services platforms
Developers are involved in BIBFRAME initiative
Operational implementations will come once the model has stabilized
Current phase of experimental projects and prototypes
Applies differently to discovery versus resource management

60. Library Services Platforms – Technical
Beyond Client/Server Computing
Multi-tenant platforms
Web-based interfaces
Services-oriented architecture
Exposes APIs for extensibility and interoperability
Interoperable

61. New Library Management Model
Consolidated index
Unified Presentation Layer
Search:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO …
JSTOR
Other Resources
Self-Check / Automated Return `
API Layer
Library Services Platform
Discovery Service
Stock Management
Enterprise Resource Planning
Smart Cad / Payment systems
Learning Management
Authentication Service

62. Resource Management Models
Category
Integrated Library System
Progressive integrated library System
Library Services Platform
Resources managed
Physical
Print, electronic
Electronic, Physical
Technology platform
Server-based
Multi-tenant SaaS
Knowledgebases
None
e-holdings, bibliographic
Patron interfaces
Browser-based
Staff interfaces
Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS)
Procurement models
Purchase
Purchase, license
license
Hosting option
Local install, ASP
Saas Only
Interoperability
Batch transfer, proprietary API
Batch transfer, RESTful APIs,
APIs (mostly RESTful)
Products
SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris
Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo
WorldShare Management Services, Alma, ProQuest Intota, Sierra, Kuali OLE
Development strategy
Brownfield
Greenfield (mixed)

63. Development Timeline for Library Services Platforms

64. Library Services Platform Installations
Production installations as of December 2014
Product
Installations
2014 Sales
Sierra
495
123
Alma
406 43
WorldShare Management Services
303 79
Kuali OLE 2 10
Intota 21

65. Cycle of adoption and deployment
Beginning of a new cycle of transition that will last a decade
Development and beta phase complete
Now in mass deployment phase
Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms
Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

66. Trends in library resource discovery

67. Web-scale Index-based Discovery
ILS Data
Web-scale Index-based Discovery
(2009- present)
Digital Collections
Search:
Web Site Content
Institutional Repositories
Search Results
Aggregated Content packages
Consolidated Index …
E-Journals
Your title is covered up with the ILS data content – DISCO instead of Discovery
Usage-generated Data
Customer Profile
Reference Sources
Pre-built harvesting and indexing

68. Comprehensive Library Portal
Integrated Library System
Library Web site
Subject Guides
Article, Databases, E-Book collections
Public Interfaces:
Presentation Layer

69. Discovery Service Statistics
Discovery Product
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Installed
EBSCO Discovery Service
1774
2634
8246
Primo
506
111
101 98 88
1529
Encore 56 72 36
Summon
164
214
158
195
697
WorldCat Discovery
2085

70. Demise of the local catalog
Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory
Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface
Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

71. Fully Integrated Strategy
Library services Platform
Index-based discovery service
Integrated link resolution
Shared e-resource knowledgebase
Analytics available from back-end and discovery perspective

72. Split Management / Discovery Strategy
Library Services Platform for management of print and electronic resources
Separate index-based discovery
Knowledge base probably provided through Library Services Platform
Link Resolution separate from Discovery: how to perform smart linking?
Export and sync resource records from management to discovery service
API look-ups for resource availability and status
Patron profile and services request split between discovery and resource management components

73. Beyond Library Discovery
Discovery happens elsewhere

74. Discovery Beyond Library-provided Interfaces
Reality that most discovery happens external to library
Improve discoverability of library resources
Locally: through incorporation of SEO and semantic encoding
Especially schema.org
Globally: OCLC, Google Scholar and other services

75. Discovery beyond Library Interfaces
Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar
Same expectations for transparency?
Better exposure of library-oriented content
Schema.org or other microdata formats
Better exposure of scholarly resources
Open access & Proprietary
Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

76. Changing models of Resource Sharing

77. Progressive consolidation of library services
Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus
Resource sharing support
Direct borrowing among partner institutions
Shared infrastructure between institutions
Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University)
Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

78. Integrated Library System
Search:
Bibliographic Database
Library System
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Patrons use Circulation features to request items from other branches
Model:
Multi-branch Independent Library
System
Floating Collections may reduce workload for
Inter-branch transfers

79. Consortial Resource Sharing System
Search:
Bibliographic Database
Library System A
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Bibliographic Database
Library System D
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
NCIP
Resource Sharing Application
Bibliographic Database
Discovery and Request Management Routines
Staff Fulfillment Tools
Inter-System Communications
NCIP
SIP
ISO ILL
Z39.50
NCIP
Bibliographic Database
Library System B
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Bibliographic Database
Library System E
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
NCIP
NCIP
Bibliographic Database
Library System C
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Bibliographic Database
Library System F
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
NCIP
NCIP

80. Bibliographic Database
Shared Consortial ILS
Search:
Bibliographic Database
Shared Consortia System
Library 2
Library 3
Library 4
Library 5
Library 7
Library 8
Library 9
Library 10
Holdings
Library 1
Library 6
Model:
Multiple independent libraries in a
Consortium
Share an ILS
ILS configured
To support
Direct consortial
Borrowing through Circulation Module

81. Shared Infrastructure
Common discovery
Retention of local automation systems
Technical complex with moderate operational benefits
Common discovery + Resource Management Systems
Shared Resource management with local discovery options

82. Benefits of shared infrastructure
Increased cooperation and resource sharing
Collaborative collection management
Lower costs per institution
Greater universe of content readily available to patrons
Avoid add-on components for union catalog and resource requests and routing

83. Shared infrastructure Projects
Orbis Cascade
WHELF
South Australia
Ireland Public Libraries
JULAC
California State University
University System of Georgia
Complete Florida Plus Program
University of Wisconsin system

84. Large-scale Implementations
Scale of any given project is no longer limited
Multi-tenant systems are already supporting very large numbers of sites
Shared implementation does not necessarily require more resources than separate ones
Industry Impact:
Winner-take-all dynamic can disrupt sales trends
Favors products and companies oriented toward consortia and large systems

85. Questions and discussion