1. The Lorenz Equations Erik Ackermann & Emma Crow- Willard

2. Background Navier-Stokes Equations: Where v is the flow velocity, ρ is the fluid density, p is the pressure, T is the stress tensor, and f represents body forces Equation to describe the motion of viscous fluids Derived from Newton’s second Law Unknown if solutions always exist in three dimensions

3. Lorenz derived his system by simplifying the Navier-Stokes Equation Edward N. Lorenz Worked as a mathematician and meteorologist during WWII for the United States Army. Published “Deterministic nonperiodic flow” (Journal of Atmospheric Sciences) in 1963. Died April 16, 2008

4. The Lorenz Attractor Solution curve for: σ = 10, β = 8/3 and ρ = 28 Initial Condition: (0, 1, 2)

5. Existence & Uniqueness The Lorenz Equations satisfy the E&U Theorem: Solutions to the Lorenz equation never cross and continue to infinity. Because of this, the Lorenz curve has fractal properties. The Lorenz Attractor has Hausdorff dimension of 2.06. These are all continuous for all time.

7. Classification of Equilibria The equilibrium points are: and The Jacobian Matrix evaluated at these points:

8. Chaotic Systems Financial Markets Weather Sub-atomic Physics Chaotic systems are characterized by sensitivity to slight variations in initial conditions.