1. Rococo From the French rocaille and coquille meaning “rock” and “shell” used to decorate Baroque gardens. Scholars are divided on whether Rococo is own style or refinement of Baroque

2. Rococo – expression of wit and frivolity, although at its best there are more serious, somber and satirical undercurrents. A world of fantasy and grace with tastes for the exotic – “Chinoserie” – taste for Chinese imagery during the 18 th century. After the death of Louis XIV, royal patronage declines. Tastes turn to Salons and Hotels. Rococo overlaps with Romanticism and Neoclassicism (next chapters) – especially due to unearthing of Herculaneum (1709) and Pompeii (1748)

3. Political and cultural background: Despite frivolity of Rococo – major advances in other fields Time of Vivaldi, Hayden, Bach and Mozart Leibniz developed calculus Preistley discovered oxygen Halley discovered the comet that bears his name Mechanized spinning and Watt’s steam engine Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) between France/Austria and Prussia Settlement of the New World – England has control over North American colonies; Spain rules Central America, Louisiana Territory, Texas and parts of California; French control Canada The Age of Enlightenment: “Cogito, ergo sum” I think therefore I am – Descartes Complex concepts derived from philosophical ideas. Empiricism – all knowledge of matters of fact derives from experience

4. Chinoiserie – interest in Chinese imagery developed in France and England

5. Germain Boffrand, Salon de la Princesse, Hotel de Soubise, Paris, 1740

6. Joseph Wright, An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump, 1768, oil on canvas

7. Joseph Wright of Derby, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrey, 1763-1765, oil on canvas

8. Antoine Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717, oil on canvas

9. Beginnings of Art Theory and Art History: Johann Joachim Winkelmann – put in charge of the excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum – Published The History of Ancient Art in 1764. This book led him to be called the father of art history because he believed style was determined by culture. Expanded beyond biographical approach of Vasari and classical tradition, and beyond philosophical views of Plato and Aristotle. Beauty for Winkelmann was a matter of intuition and spirit.

10. Antoine Watteau, Gilles, oil on canvas

11. Francois Boucher, Venus Consoling Love, 1751, oil on canvas

12. Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing, 1766, oil on canvas

13. Hyacinthe Rigaud, Louis XIV, 1701, oil on canvas

14. Rosalba Carriera, Louis XV, pastel on paper, 1751

15. Elisabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun, Marie Antoinette and Her Children, 1788, oil on canvas

16. Elisabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun, Self-Portrait, 1790 oil on canvas

17. Thomas Gainsborough, Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan, 1785-1787, oil on canvas

18. William Hogarth; Tete a Tete, from Marriage ala Mode, 1743 oil on canvas videovideo

19. William Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode II, 1745 engraving by B. Baron after oil painting of 1743

20. William Hogarth, Time Smoking a Picture, 1761, Etching and mezzotint

21. Balthasar Neumann, the Residenz, Wurzburg, Germany, 1719-1753

22. Staircase of the Residenz showing the ceiling fresco of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Wurzburg, Germany, 1752-1753

23. Ceiling of staircase at Residenz, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Wurzburg, Germany

28. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Investiture of Bishop Harold, a detail of the ceiling frescoes in the Kaisersaal, the Residenz

29. Matthaus Daniel Poppelmann, Wallpavillion, the Zwinger, Dresden, Germany, 1711-1722

30. Plan of the Wieskirche – “Church of the Meadow”

31. Dominikus Zimmerman, Weiskirche, Bavaria, 1745-1754, The nave is a Rococo development of Borromini’s oval church plans in Baroque Rome

33. Richard Boyle (Earl of Burlington), Chiswick House, near London, begun 1725

35. Plan of Chiswick house Palladio’s Villa Rotunda

36. Robert Adam, fireplace niche, Osterley Park House, Middlesex, England, begun 1761

38. Horace Walpole, Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, near London, 1749-1777

39. 18 th century: European Painting; Bourgeois Realism

40. Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin, La Fontaine, oil on canvas, first exhibited 1733

41. Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin, Pipe and Jug, undated, oil on canvas

42. Neoclassicism

43. Angelica Kauffman, Amor and Psyche

44. American Painting

45. John Singleton Copley, Paul Revere, 1768-1770, oil on canvas

46. Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, 1770, oil on canvas