1. ICSS- Asia AIT, Thailand November 23-24, 2009 BIOENERGY POTENTIAL IN ASIA Shinya Yokoyama The University of Tokyo

2. BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

3. SHORT, MEDIUM, AND LONG TERM TERGETS OF BIOMASS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY Short Term: + Power generation, Cogeneration Small Scale Gasification + Anaerobic Digestion to Methane Production + Bioethanol Production from Sugars and Grains + Pyrolysis + Biodiesel + Thermal Utilization Medium Term: + Bioethanol Production from Cellulosic Materials Long Term: + BTL

4. POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES CP * RPR * AF = ARP CP : Crop Production 1) RPR: Residue Production Ratio （ by weight ） 2)~6) AF : Availability Factor 2) ARP: Available Residue Production TRP: Total Residue Production = TRP TRP * NCV = TEP ， ARP * NCV = AEP NCV: Net Calorific Value 2)6)7) ARP: Available Energy Potential TEP: Total Energy Potential AEP: Available Energy Potential Source: 1) FAO Statistics(2007), 2005-2007 平均 2) Sajjakulnukit(2005,Thailand) 3) COGEN(2005, Indonesia) 4) MOA/DOE(1998,China) 5) NEDO(2007, ASEAN) 6) Soni(2005, Indonesia) 7)China Energy Statistical Yearbook(2005. China) ×RPR ×AF Crop Residue Available residue

5. E Diesel E Residue Sugar mill Power plant Vehicle Houses Power plant CH 4 CO 2 CH 4 E B B P P P Diesel Vehicle CO 2 P Field Residue CH 4 B B … Baseline emission P … Project emission … Input energy …Output energy System evaluated SYSTEM BOUNDARY

6. CDM POWER GENERATION PROJECTS USING AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

7. CDM PROJECT SITES

8. AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

9. ENERGY BALANCE OF POWER GENERATION

10. GHG EMISSIONS

11. POTENTIAL OF POWER GENERATION AND ENERGY PORTFOLIO

12. GHG REDUCTION POTENTIAL ChinaThailandIndonesia Available Residue (t-biomass/yr) 453,911,85435,661,136128,395,507 GHG reduction new biomass residue (t-CO 2 eq/t-biomass) 0.8240.5460.582 GHG reduction (t-CO 2 eq/yr) 374,158,34919,470,62474,669,129 GHG emission (2006, t-CO 2 eq/yr) 6,018,000,000245,000,000280,000,000 GHG reduction potential 6.22%7.95%26.67%

13. RESULTS ChinaThailandIndonesia Resource Potential of agricultural residue t-biomass/yr 628,413,41974,644,339357,221,307 Availability % 72.00%64.88%75.55% Available residue t-biomass/yr 452,472,30048,432,741269,889,984 Available energy potential GJ/yr 6,788,362,652318,186,6641,314,484,952 Power generation Potential of power generation (average) GWh/yr 340,65121,691126,133 Alternative rate % 13.64%16.41%99.03% GHG reduction t-CO 2 eq /t-biomass 0.8240.5460.582 GHG reduction potential t-CO 2 eq /t-biomass 374,158,34919,470,62474,669,129 GHG reduction rate % 6.22%7.95%26.67%

14. LCA OF BIOFUELS

15. KEY MESSAGE + Intimate Contact and Information Exchange to Avoid Labor, Time, and Expenditure etc. + Appropriate Technologies for Energy and Materials + Further Study for Sustainability of Biomass Utilization Including, for Example, Land Use Change, Competition with Food, Biodiversity etc. + Well Designed Regulation for Biomass Utilization + International Collaboration

16. Thank you very much syokoyama@bme.en.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp