1. Quiz, Quiz, Trade Cards Important People in American and World History

2. Warm up Take out your spiral. Label The top of the page Important people for TAKS

3. Important People in World History 1 Thomas Jefferson

4. Important People in World History Principal author of the Declaration of Independence US Ambassador to France Washington’s Secretary of State 3 rd President Authorized Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson

5. Important People in World History 2 George Washington

6. Important People in World History Delegate to 1 st and 2 nd Continental Congresses Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army Chairman of the Constitutional Convention 1 st President of the USA-served two terms George Washington

7. Important People in World History 3 Abraham Lincoln

8. Important People in World History 16 th President of USA Helped build the Republican Party Administration –Civil War –Gettysburg Address –Emancipation Proclamation Assassinated before he could implement Reconstruction Plans Abraham Lincoln

9. Important People in World History 4 Woodrow Wilson

10. Important People in World History President of Princeton University; Governor of NJ 20 th President of the United States Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Trade Commission began during his administration WWI Peace Plan known as 14 Points Dream of League of Nations not approved by Congress Woodrow Wilson

11. Important People in World History British statesman; appoint Prime Minister in 1940 Vowed “victory at all costs…for without victory there is no survival.” Predicted the “iron curtain” of the Cold War Nobel Prize Literature 1953 for The Second World War 5 Winston Churchill

12. Important People in World History British statesman; appoint Prime Minister in 1940 Vowed “victory at all costs…for without victory there is no survival.” Predicted the “iron curtain” of the Cold War Nobel Prize Literature 1953 for The Second World War Winston Churchill

13. Important People in World History 6 Adolf Hitler

14. Important People in World History Believed that Germany was at risk from Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces Leader of the national Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI) Published Mein Kampf (My Struggle) 1934 named himself Fuhrer of Germany and began to build a world wide empire 1942 Holocaust-”Final Solution to the Jewish Question” 50 million dead Committed suicide as Allies moved into Germany Adolf Hitler

15. Important People in World History 7 Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov “Lenin”

16. Important People in World History Influenced by works of Karl Marx Founder of the Russian Communist Party 1917 lead the November Revolution to establish a “soviet” government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov “Lenin”

17. Important People in World History 8 Mao Zedong

18. Important People in World History Studied western writings, radical Chinese writings and Mark and Lenin Believed the peasants would be the best support for Communist Revolution Opposed Nationalist Chiang-Kai Shek During Long March (1934-36) assumed leadership of Communist Party in China Founded the People’s Republic of China in 1949 Mao Zedong

19. Important People in World History 9 Mohandus Gandhi

20. Important People in World History Spiritual and moral leader of India that favored independence from Great Britain Studied and practiced law Practiced passive resistance, civil disobedience, and boycotts to generate social and political change Assassinated in 1948 Mohandus Gandhi

21. Important People in World History 10 Pope John Paul II

22. Important People in World History This polish cardinal was the first non-Italian pope elected since the 16 th century Served as Pope from October 1978 to April 2005 Supported ageless Catholic traditions, strong papal authority, devotion to the virgin Mary, and inter-faith cooperation Pope John Paul II

23. Important People in World History 11Mother Teresa

24. Important People in World History Roman Catholic nun set a world wide standard for humanitarian aid Founded the Missionaries of Charity-doing work among the poor, dying, and abandoned of India Nobel Peace Prize 1979 Mother Teresa

25. Important People in World History 12 DesmondTutu

26. Important People in World History Leading spokesman for passive resistance to South African aparthied in the 1980s Nobel Peace Prize 1983 for his attempts to promote racial equality 1986 became the head of the South African Anglican Church Desmond Tutu

27. Important People in World History Greatest thinker of his era (ca.287-212B.C) Invented the catapult, grappling devices, and an device to move water and loose material from one level to another Mathematical writing on the principle of the lever was a significant contribution to knowledge 13 Archimedes

28. Important People in World History Greatest thinker of his era (ca.287-212B.C) Invented the catapult, grappling devices, and an device to move water and loose material from one level to another Mathematical writing on the principle of the lever was a significant contribution to knowledge Archimedes

29. Important People in World History 14 Nicolaus Copernicus

30. Important People in World History Polish astronomer proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system in 1507 Nicolaus Copernicus

31. Important People in World History 15Erastothenes

32. Important People in World History Cyrene for North Africa that studied mathematics in Athens 1 st to calculate the circumference of the earth, describe it as a sphere, and predict that ships could sail from Greece to India 15 Erastothenes

33. Important People in World History 16Galileo

34. Important People in World History Italian scientist that developed the modern experimental method Proved Copernican Theory Proved objects of different masses fall at the same velocity Used a telescope to examine objects in the sky In conflict with the Roman Catholic church Galileo

35. Important People in World History 17 Pythagorus

36. Important People in World History Greek philosopher and mathematician Credited with the idea that mathematic formulas could help establish patterns Pythagorian Theorem holds that in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. Pythagorus

37. Important People in World History 18 Boyle

38. Important People in World History English physicist and chemist Discovered the nature of elements and compounds 1661 published The Skeptical Chemist that challenged common thinking about the four basic elements of the day Boyle’s law Robert Boyle

39. Important People in World History Marie Curie

40. Important People in World History Proved that radio activity, when properly applied, was an effective treatment of some diseases Discovered the elements: polonium and radium Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and 1911 Worked to make x-ray technology accessible to soldiers during World War I 19 Marie Curie

41. Important People in World History 20Thomas Edison

42. Important People in World History American Inventor-held 1,300 patents Credited with –Automatic telegraph machine –Phonograph –Incandescent light bulb –Modernized telephone –Motion picture equipment Operated world’s 1 st electric power station Menlo Park “invention factory” Thomas Edison

43. Important People in World History Albert Einstein

44. Important People in World History German-Jewish Physicist that immigrated to the USA in 1933 Theory of Relativity-energy equals mass times the speed of light squared Theories critical to the development of the atomic bomb 1921 Nobel Prize Physics Albert Einstein

45. Important People in World History Robert Fulton

46. Important People in World History 1807 changed maritime transportation with the invention of the first successful, commercial steamboat known as the Clermont Robert Fulton

47. Important People in World History Sir Isaac Newton

48. Important People in World History English mathematician and physicist Devised principles to explain universal gravitation—all matter attracts other matter Believed that reason and rationality could be applied to natural phenomenon Sir Isaac Newton

49. Important People in World History Louis Pasteur

50. Important People in World History French chemist Discovered that heat could kill bacteria which spoiled liquids. Pasteurization-heating liquids to kill bacteria (esp. in milk) Introduced microbiology Invented a rabies vaccine Louis Pasteur

51. Important People in World History James Watt

52. Important People in World History Scottish engineer Created a steam engine with a new type of governor to control steam power and engine speed. A flywheel was attached to convert steam power to mechanical power Important to Industrial Revolution Metric unit of power is called a “watt” James Watt

53. Important People in World History Martin Luther

54. Important People in World History Dealt the symbolic blow that began the Reformation when he nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church. That document contained an attack on papal abuses and the sale of indulgences by church officials. Doctrine of justification by faith- -the teaching that Christ's own righteousness is imputed to those who believe, and on that ground alone, they are accepted by God. Martin Luther

55. Important People in World History Johannes Gutenberg

56. Important People in World History German goldsmith and inventor Credited with inventing a movable type printing press Major work: 42 line Bible Printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe and is key to the Renaissance Johannes Gutenberg

57. Important People in World History Leonardo Da Vinci

58. Important People in World History “Renaissance Man” most famous as a painter, sculptor, and architect –Mona Lisa –Last Supper Scientist & Engineer: Notebooks of scientific observation –Anatomy, astronomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics Leonardo Da Vinci

59. Important People in World History Napoleon Bonaparte

60. Important People in World History Rose to through the French military to become the Emperor of France Great military commander—attempted to conquer Europe Code Napoleon formed foundation of civil law that incorporated religious toleration and the abolition of serfdom Totalitarian state Napoleon Bonaparte

61. Important People in World History Simon Bolivar

62. Important People in World History Known as “The Liberator” of South America Military victories of the Spanish colonial army won independence for Bolivia, Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela Simon Bolivar

63. Important People in World History Charles Darwin

64. Important People in World History English naturalist that originated the concept of natural selection Theoretical books –The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) –The Descent of Man (1871) Charles Darwin

65. Important People in World History Karl Marx

66. Important People in World History German philosopher and political economist Communist Manifesto (1848) History advances through class struggle Predicted the end of capitalism would be brought about by the organization of working class, thus ushering in the age of communism Karl Marx

67. Important People in World History Nelson Mandela

68. Important People in World History South African revolutionary with the African National Congress-fought against apartheid Imprisoned from 1964- 1982 for plotting to overthrow the government 1993 Nobel Peace Prize 1994-1999 President of South Africa-transition to democratic rule Nelson Mandela