1. Permanent RadWaste Solutions High Level Radioactive Waste Disposal (Patent Pending) Permanent-Safe-Economical

2. Permanent RadWaste Solutions The Problem It has become apparent that all methods of eliminating nuclear waste by burying it, storing it in caves, encasing it in glass, or any other option requiring some type of ultra long-term validation of the storage method, is doomed to failure. It has become apparent that all methods of eliminating nuclear waste by burying it, storing it in caves, encasing it in glass, or any other option requiring some type of ultra long-term validation of the storage method, is doomed to failure.

3. Permanent Radwaste Solutions The Problem_2 Any of these methods cannot be confirmed to be safe for even 10,000 years, much less the 260,000 years required for Pu 239 to become safe. Any of these methods cannot be confirmed to be safe for even 10,000 years, much less the 260,000 years required for Pu 239 to become safe. It is time to stop proposing variations of the same old flawed ideas, and to instead look at a new method that actually makes sense. It is time to stop proposing variations of the same old flawed ideas, and to instead look at a new method that actually makes sense.

4. Permanent RadWaste Solutions A Solution Permanent RadWaste Solutions, along with many others, feel that we have the answer: Permanent RadWaste Solutions, along with many others, feel that we have the answer: Send the waste to the center of the earth using a pressure-compensating Submarine Transport Vehicle (STV) via a subduction fault in the Pacific Ocean. Send the waste to the center of the earth using a pressure-compensating Submarine Transport Vehicle (STV) via a subduction fault in the Pacific Ocean. It has many advantages, including the following: It has many advantages, including the following:

5. Permanent RadWaste Solutions Advantages The radioactive waste is completely and permanently removed from the biosphere. The radioactive waste is completely and permanently removed from the biosphere. The STV is made from durable, quality materials that will contain the waste until it reaches the ocean’s bedrock. Then natural forces take over and protect the waste the rest of the way to the center of the earth. The STV is made from durable, quality materials that will contain the waste until it reaches the ocean’s bedrock. Then natural forces take over and protect the waste the rest of the way to the center of the earth. The materials’ lifetime is more than sufficient to contain the radioactive waste for the time required. The materials’ lifetime is more than sufficient to contain the radioactive waste for the time required.

6. Permanent Radwaste Solutions Advantages_2 The patent-pending STVs are pressure compensating. (There is no crush depth.) The patent-pending STVs are pressure compensating. (There is no crush depth.) The active seals actually strengthen as pressure increases. The active seals actually strengthen as pressure increases. The STVs will be propelled to the ocean bedrock by earthquakes. The STVs will be propelled to the ocean bedrock by earthquakes. Once in place, the STVs will safely contain the waste while simultaneously being undetectable and unrecoverable by anyone by any means. Once in place, the STVs will safely contain the waste while simultaneously being undetectable and unrecoverable by anyone by any means.

7. Permanent RadWaste Solutions Advantages_3 The STVs would be safely loaded inside the containment building. The STVs would be safely loaded inside the containment building. The STVs, in turn, would be loaded into a re- useable Transport/Recovery Cask (T/RC). The STVs, in turn, would be loaded into a re- useable Transport/Recovery Cask (T/RC). The T/RC is for protection during the transport phase. It makes STV recovery possible in case of accidental sinking. The T/RC is for protection during the transport phase. It makes STV recovery possible in case of accidental sinking. The cost will be be significantly less than that proposed for other burial schemes such as the Yucca Mountain project. The cost will be be significantly less than that proposed for other burial schemes such as the Yucca Mountain project. Once placed, the STVs will have zero maintenance costs, forever. Once placed, the STVs will have zero maintenance costs, forever.

8. Permanent RadWaste Solutions The London Convention is an agreement signed by many nations to protect the oceans from pollution. The London Convention is an agreement signed by many nations to protect the oceans from pollution. This project does not violate that accord. This project does not violate that accord. There will be no pollution of any kind, at any time, from this project. The STVs use the ocean and sub- seabed only as a transit medium, not as a dumping ground.) There will be no pollution of any kind, at any time, from this project. The STVs use the ocean and sub- seabed only as a transit medium, not as a dumping ground.) Extensive overland transport requirements, such as those for Yucca Mountain, would be greatly reduced. Extensive overland transport requirements, such as those for Yucca Mountain, would be greatly reduced. The risks of terrorism and biospheric contamination would also be greatly reduced. Again, once placed, the risks and costs are absolutely zero. The risks of terrorism and biospheric contamination would also be greatly reduced. Again, once placed, the risks and costs are absolutely zero. Advantages_4

9. World Subduction Zones Permanent RadWaste Solutions The Atlantic ocean is growing and the edges of the Pacific have to compensate. Deep trenches are created where the heavier oceanic bedrock subducts under the lighter continental crust, creating tremendous earthquakes in the process.

10. Permanent RadWaste Solutions Subduction Pathway

11. Where It Ends Permanent RadWaste Solutions In many thousands of years the STVs will have melted away, but by this time the radioactive waste will be less harmful than the surrounding mass. In many thousands of years the STVs will have melted away, but by this time the radioactive waste will be less harmful than the surrounding mass. Gravity will assure the RadWaste descends to the center of the earth because of its greater density. Gravity will assure the RadWaste descends to the center of the earth because of its greater density.

12. Permanent RadWaste Solutions Uranium Photo courtesy of NEI The nuclear fuel is composed of small pellets made from Uranium U235 & U238. After use, it will contain as part of the waste some Plutonium Pu239 and Pu240. Currently, this waste is temporarily stored at the nuclear power plants.

13. Uranium_2 Permanent RadWaste Solutions Illustration courtesy of NEI These pellets are loaded into rods. There are up to 300 rods in each of these assemblies for insertion into the reactor. Each of the Permanent RadWaste Solutions STVs could contain the waste from several of these assemblies.

14. Example STV Permanent RadWaste Solutions This is an example of one of the patent-pending STVs from Permanent RadWaste Solutions that will safely enclose the high-level nuclear waste. This is an example of one of the patent-pending STVs from Permanent RadWaste Solutions that will safely enclose the high-level nuclear waste. It has pressure-compensating seals that seal even tighter as the pressure increases. It has pressure-compensating seals that seal even tighter as the pressure increases.

15. Yucca Mountain Permanent RadWaste Solutions Nuclear Power provides about 20% of the energy we use today, producing no pollution or CO 2. It contributes nothing to global warming. It is far safer than coal, gas or oil. The major problem is what to do with the waste? The attitude of the Federal government is to bury it at Yucca Mountain. There have been many very serious problems with this. Permanent RadWaste Solutions can address these problems and provide a vastly superior alternative. Nuclear Power provides about 20% of the energy we use today, producing no pollution or CO 2. It contributes nothing to global warming. It is far safer than coal, gas or oil. The major problem is what to do with the waste? The attitude of the Federal government is to bury it at Yucca Mountain. There have been many very serious problems with this. Permanent RadWaste Solutions can address these problems and provide a vastly superior alternative.

16. Graphic Courtesy of NEI Permanent RadWaste Solutions Shutdowns at Nuclear Plants. The safety and reliability of nuclear power has been constantly improving. Nuclear Plant Safety

17. Photo courtesy of NEI Permanent RadWaste Solutions Contact Information Nuclear power is a proven way to produce clean power, but there is a desperate need for the removal and disposal of its dangerous waste. Permanent RadWaste solutions has the answer. Yucca Mountain has been proven to have serious shortcomings. Yucca Mountain has been proven to have serious shortcomings. We can take any questions and would be glad to address any of your concerns. We can take any questions and would be glad to address any of your concerns. We can be contacted at: We can be contacted at: Dean Engelhardt, Primary Investigator dengelhardt@earthlink.net Glen Parker, Marketing and Technical Researcher glenlparker@gmail.com Roger Boyd Manager r1boyd@charter.net