1. Project: Structural Seismic Process Simulation and Control under Multiple Ground Motions PI: Prof. Hongnan Li Dalian University of Technology, China Co-PI : Prof. Satish Nagarajaiah PI: Prof. Hong- Nan Li Dalian University of Technology, China Co-PI: Prof. Satish Nagarajaiah Rice University, USA

2. Outline 3. Project Contents 2. Project Objective 4. Research Advances 1. Background

3. Outline 3. Research Plan 2. Project Objective 4. Research Advances 1. Background

4. 1. Background: Disasters A lot of high-rise and large-span structures have been built or are under construction in China in recent years. National Stadium-- "Bird's Nest" New CCTV BuildingNational Swimming Center--"Water Cube" National Grand Theater--"Eggshell" Diwang Building In Shenzhen Jinmao Tower In Shanghai Oriental Peal TV Tower Sutong Bridge in Jiangsu Huanqiu Center

5. These modern structures are flexible and will be subjected to earthquakes, wind excitations and other natural disasters. Earthquake Flood Mudslide 1. Background: Disasters Typhoon

6. Wenchuan Great Earthquake (Ms 8.0) Time ： 14:28, May 12, 2008 Location ： Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province in China Dead and Missing People: 87,000 1. Background: Disasters

7. Yushu Earthquake (Ms 7.1) Time ： 07:49, April 14, 2010 Location ： Yushu County, Qinghai Province in China Dead People: 2698 1. Background: Disasters

8. Damage of a Transmission Tower Damage of Buildings Damage of a Stadium The typhoon is also a major disaster in China and a lot of structures are damaged due to typhoon every year. Typhoon in 2006Typhoon in 2007Typhoon in 2008Typhoon in 2009Typhoon in 2010

9. 1. Background: DECISEW Plan National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Damage Evolution of Civil Infrastructures under Strong Earthquake and Wind (DECISEW) Plan The property and law of strong earthquake and strong typhoon fields. The process and mechanism of damage evolution of major infrastructures. Focus Funding

10. 1. Background: DECISEW Plan

11. International Collaborative Research Project NSFC PI of DECISEW Project with PI of NEES of NSF DECISEW: Damage Evolution of Civil Infrastructure under Strong Earthquake and Wind (China) NEES: Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (USA)  The theoretical model of strong earthquake and strong typhoon fields  The damage evolution process and collapse mechanism of major civil structures  The integrated simulation system of damage evolution. Objective

12. 1. Background: DECISEW Plan Prof. Hong-Nan Li, PI of DECISEW Project, “The seismic destroy mechanism and process simulation of structures with multi- dimensional nonlinearities” (90815026), 2009-2012. Prof. Satish Nagarajaiah, PI of NEES Project, “NEESR-SG: Development of Next Generation Adaptive Seismic Protection Systems” (NSF-CMMI-0830391), 2008- 2013. International Collaborative Research Project (NSFC) Structural Seismic Process Simulation and Control under Multiple Ground Motions 2013-2017 3 million RMB

13. Outline 2. Project Objective 3. Research Plan 4. Research Advances 1. Background

14. 2. Project Objective Theoretical Analysis Model Experiment Numerical Simulation Multi-Ground Motion Concrete Materials Concrete Members Concrete Structures Multi-dimensional Ground Motion Excitations Mechanism of damage and collapse of structures Practical Seismic Design Measures Structural Damage Control Techniques Nonlinear seismic response of spacial structures Methods Subjects Objectives

15. Outline 3. Research Plan 2. Project Objective 4. Research Advances 1. Background

16. 3. Research Plan A: Multi-dimensional earthquake excitation model B: Experiments and simulation of the damage process of concrete members C: Collapse process simulation of concrete structures D: Theory and methods for structural disaster damage process control

17. 3. Research Plan  A-1: Multi-dimensional earthquake excitation model in time domain (body wave and surface wave)  A-2: Relevance of Multi-dimensional earthquake excitations  A-3: Stochastical model of multi- dimensional earthquake excitation  A-4: Experimental verification of torsional components of earthquakes A: Multi-dimensional earthquake excitation model B: Experiments and simulation of the damage process of concrete members C: Collapse process simulation of concrete structures D: Theory and methods for structural disaster damage process control

18. 3. Research Plan  B-1: Multi-axial damage experiments of concrete members (beams, columns, walls and joints)  B-2: Damage principle and restoring force model of concrete members  B-3: Damage evolution Simulation of concrete members (FEM) A: Multi-dimensional earthquake excitation model B: Experiments and simulation of the damage process of concrete members C: Collapse process simulation of concrete structures D: Theory and methods for structural disaster damage process control

19. 3. Research Plan  C-1: Shaking table test of concrete structures  C-2: Collapse analysis of concrete structures  C-3: Multi-scale analysis of concrete structures  C-4: Seismic Design Measures A: Multi-dimensional earthquake excitation model B: Experiments and simulation of the damage process of concrete members C: Collapse process simulation of concrete structures D: Theory and methods for structural disaster damage process control

20. 3. Research Plan  D-1: Shape memory alloy (SMA) dampers  D-2: Semi-active piezoelectric friction damper  D-3: Optimization of dampers  D-4: Active and Semi-active Control theory A: Multi-dimensional earthquake excitation model B: Experiments and simulation of the damage process of concrete members C: Collapse process simulation of concrete structures D: Theories and methods for structural disaster damage process control

21. 3. Research Plan Contents 20132014201520162017 A: Multi- dimensional earthquake excitation model A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 B: Experiments and simulation of the damage process of concrete members B-1 B-2 B-3 C: Collapse process simulation of concrete structures C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 D: Theory and methods for structural disaster damage process control D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4

22. 3. Research Plan Dalian University of Technology (DUT), China Rice University (RU), USA PhoneEmail Video conference Except the communication by phone, email or video meeting, seminars will be held between DUT and RU in China or USA.

23. 3. Research Plan 1.Last December, we had a seminar and discuss our collaboration plan and methodologies at DUT. 2.This August, we discussed the seismic protection research plan and exchange students and scholars in RU. Seminar on August 5,13, RU Seminar on Sept 12,12, DUT

24. Outline 4. Research Advances 3. Research Plan 2. Project Objective 1. Background

25. 4. Research Advances SH wave incidence 1. Mathematical model of torsional component of earthquakes P wave incidence SV wave incidence Rayleigh wave incidence Love wave incidence Theoretical formulation of torsional motions

26. 4. Research Advances 1. Mathematical model of torsional component of earthquakes Rocking component Time History Torsional component Power Spectrum Time History Power Spectrum Time history of torsional motions by the proposed theory

27. 4. Research Advances 1. Mathematical model of torsional component of earthquakes Underground explosion to get the torsional ground motion

28. 4. Research Advances 1. Mathematical model of torsional component of earthquakes Underground explosion to get the torsional ground motion 场地速度剖面 ExperimentTheory Wave Velocity (m/s) Depth (m) Profile of wave velocity Time history of torsional acceleration

29. 4. Research Advances 2. Mathematical model of torsional component of earthquakes Advanced triaxial testing machine

30. 4. Research Advances 2. Damage process of concrete members Experimentally studied the influence of loading rate on the characteristics of columns (45 columns) Considered parameters: Strength of concrete and steel bar, shear-span ratio, loading rate and loading mode.

31. 4. Research Advances 2. Damage process of concrete members: results Cycles Stiffness degradation coefficient Static load Dynamic load (2) Dynamic load can result in larger degradation of stiffness (1) Dynamic load can increase the bearing capacity of concrete members

32. 4. Research Advances 2. Damage process of concrete members The crack numbers of dynamic loading are less than those of static loading when the specimens are damaged with seismic loading rates. Static loadDynamic load

33. 4. Research Advances 3. Robust Control of Civil Structures Nominal SystemUncertain System Steel columns Uncertainties

34. 4. Research Advances 3. Robust Control of Civil Structures Model analysis and updating to make sure the norm upper limit for the uncertainties

35. 4. Research Advances Case numberControllerStructure 1TMDWithout uncertainties 2H∞ controller Based on nominal systemWithout uncertainties 3TMDWith uncertainties 4H∞ controller Based on nominal systemWith uncertainties 5D-K controller Considering the uncertaintiesWith uncertainties

36. 4. Research Advances 3. Robust Control of Civil Structures

37. Thanks for your attention! August 8, 2013