Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byDamon Jessie Stevenson Modified over 9 years ago
1
Chapter 2:
2
Over 7 Billion people—More than ever World pop increased at a faster rate in the 2 nd half of the 20 th Century than any other time Virtually all global pop growth is concentrated in LDCs (Less Developed Countries) Typical family in MDCs contains fewer people than in the past Demography – scientific study of population characteristics Overpopulation – includes the relationship between the # of people and available resources
3
Basic Overview: 2/3 of people located in four regions: 1. East Asia 2. South Asia 3. Southeast Asia 4. Europe Similarities in four regions: 1. Most live near an ocean or river w/ ocean access * 2/3 of world live within 300 miles of ocean * 4/5 within 500 miles 2. Pop clusters occupy generally low-lying areas w/ fertile soil and temperate climate 3. With exception of Southeast Asia—all regions located in N Hemisphere (between 10° and 55° N)
5
Nearly ¼ of the World’s pop 5/6 of region live in China—clustered near Pacific Ocean and fertile valleys extending inland (more than ½ in rural areas) In Japan, South Korean, & North Korea—40% live in 3 large areas Tokyo, Japan Osaka, Japan Seoul, South Korea * ¾ live in urban areas
7
Nearly ¼ of the World’s pop India contains more than ¾ of region’s pop Much of the pop located along the plains of the Indus and Ganges Rivers (see map) Only ¼ of the regions pop are in urban areas
8
Island of Java (Indonesia) has over 100 million people Indonesia consists of 13,677 islands—4 th largest pop High % work in rural areas Three Asian regions make up more than ½ of World pop
9
World’s 3 rd largest pop cluster—1/9 of world’s pop ¾ of inhabitants live in urban areas Highest pops near coalfields in England, Germany, and Belgium Europeans import many food and resources (colonialization)
10
Extends along Atlantic Coast from Boston to Newport News, Virginia Westward along the Great Lakes to Chicago 2% of world pop Less than 2% farmers
11
- ½ of this pop in Nigeria (most pop in Africa) - 2% of world’s pop
12
Ecumene – portion of the Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement Has increased over time (possibilism) ¾ of world’s pop live on only 5% of Earth’s surface Rest is of Earth’s surface is oceans (71%) and less intensely inhabited land
13
Deserts lack water supply necessary to support a large pop Irrigation systems can support small pops Other resources may be present (oil)
14
Combo of rain and heat rapidly depletes nutrients from the soil In seasonably wet lands, such as Southeast Asia, enough food can be grown for a large pop
15
Perpetually covered in ice—ground is permanently frozen (permafrost) Some polar areas receive less precipitation than Central Asian Deserts Very little life (human, animal, or plant)
16
Highest mountains are steep, snow covered, and sparsely populated Exceptions: Latin America and Africa
17
Arithmetic Density – total # of objects in an area U.S. – 84/sq mile; Bangladesh – 2,919/sq mile; Australia/Canada – 3/sq mile Number of people living on a given piece of land Physiological Density - # of people supported by a unit area of arable land U.S. – 452/sq mile; Egypt – 5,947/sq mile (95% live in Nile River Valley and Delta) Higher the physiological density—greater the pressure that people place on the land to produce food Agricultural Density – ratio of # of farmers to the amount of arable land U.S. – 1.6 farmers/sq kilometer; Egypt – 251 farmers/sq kilometer MDCs have lower Ag Densities—technology and finance allow a few people to farm extensive land areas Allows geographers to explore relationship between pop and resources in a country
18
Natural Increase (NIR) - % by which a pop grows in a year Computed by subtracting CDR from CBR—after 1 st converting the measures from # per 1,000 to %s Crude Birth rate (CBR) – total # of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in that society Crude Death rate (CDR) – total # of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in that society World NIR in early 21 st Century has been 1.2% As the base grows, a 1% change can produce large swings in pop Ex. 1% of 1 billion (past) vs. 1% of 7 billion (present)
19
Doubling Time # of years needed to double a pop > World rate of 1.2% per year = 54 years IF this stays constant - More than 95% of natural increase is clustered in LDCs - NIR exceeds 2.0% in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East—negative in Europe! - Most of the world’s additional people live in countries least able to maintain them
20
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) – average # of children a woman will have in her child-bearing years (roughly 15- 40) Another way to measure # of births in a society Attempts to predict future—assumes girls will have same # of children as current child-bearing women TFR of the world is 2.6 (varies between LDCs and MDCs) TFR exceeds 6.0 in many Sub-Saharan countries; less than 1.9 in many European countries
21
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) – annual # of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total # of live births Expressed in per 1,000 Highest rates in LDCs—lowest in MDCs IMR approaches 100 in Sub-Saharan Africa (10% of babies in the region die before their 1 st birthday) Generally, reflects a country’s healthcare system
22
Life Expectancy – average # of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels More favorable in MDCs than LDCs Around 80 in W Europe—around 50 in Sub- Saharan Africa
23
MDC: Lower: rates of natural increase, crude birth, total fertility, and infant mortality Higher: average life expectancy LDC: Lower: average life expectancy Higher: rates of natural increase, crude birth, total fertility rates, and infant mortality How do we explain MDCs having a higher crude death rate overall? Denmark (MDC) having a higher CDR than Cape Verde (LDC)?
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.