1. The History of Presbyterianism in the United States Part 6: Modernism B – The Crisis in Presbyterian Foreign Missions

2. Westminster Seminary, 1929-30

3. Is it true that the conservatives could not answer the liberals and so they left? John Skilton Ned Stonehouse Paul Wooley John Murray R.B. Kuiper Allen MacRae Cornelius Van Til E.J. Young

4. John Murray A clear and cogent defense of the sub- stitutionary sacrifice of Christ.

5. O.T. Allis

6. J. Gresham Machen

7. E.J. Young

8. Master Timeline United StatesEurope 1620 – Mayflower lands 1730s-1743 – 1 st Great Awakening 1776-1783 – American Rev. 1790-1840 – 2 nd Great Awakening 1830 – Book of Mormon 1850-1900 – 3 rd Great Awakening 1861-1865 – American Civil War 1870 – Scottish Common Sense 1889 – Moody Bible Institute 1891 – Briggs’ address 1909 – Scofield Reference Bible 1910 – Pres. G.A.: 5 Fundamentals 1914-1919 – World War I 1922 – “Shall Fund.s Win?” 1923 – The Auburn Affirmation 1925 – The Scopes Trial 1929 – Westminster Theo. Seminary 1936 – Orthodox Presbyterian Ch. 1936 – John Mackay, Princeton Sem. 1643 – Westminster Confession of Faith 1650-1800 – Age of European Enlightenment & of Scottish Common Sense Philosophy 1770s-1900 – Rise of German Higher Criticism 1789-1799 – French Revolution 1827 – Plymouth Brethren begin meeting 1833 – Slavery Abolition Act of England 1859 - Charles Darwin – Origin of Species 1862-77 – Darby travels to the United States 1919 – Rise of Neo-Orthodoxy United States (cont.) 1937 – Death of J. Gresham Machen - Bible Presbyterian Ch. (McIntyre) 1966 – RTS, Jackson, MI 1967 – Confession of ‘67, Book of Confessions 1973 – PCA 1983 – Union of UPCUSA & PCUS

9. Post World War I World-wide Secular Ecumenism PCUSA endorsed the League of Nations – “unity in the civil realm underscored the importance of unity in the ecclesiastical realm.” “Peace and Work” – the thematic focus of PCUSA 1920 – “Philadelphia Plan” for Protestant church union.

10. The plan “contains nothing distinctively evangelical at all” let alone Presbyterian. B.B. Warfield Christianity and Liberalism (1923) – written in defense of historic Protestantism and distinctive Presbyterianism

11. Liberal evangelicalism is simply offering the gospel in a persuasive manner to contemporary listeners. Henry Sloane Coffin Harry Emerson Fosdick – “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” “Though dismissive of the fundamantals as outdated thinking, Fosdick claimed to be broadminded enough to welcome fundamentalists in the church.” H&M

12. the Rev. Clarence Macartney Presbyterian Minister Arch St. Presbyterian Church Philadelphia, PA the Rev. Harry Fosdick Baptist Preacher First Presbyterian Church New York City, NY “Shall Unbelief Win?” “I am convinced that the far more useful course to pursue is to declare the whole counsel of God so clearly and so fearlessly that the whole world may know there is a difference between what is Christianity and what is not Christianity.”

13. The Auburn Affirmation Written & published in 1924 as “AN AFFIRMATION designed to safeguard the unity and liberty of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America” eventually signed by 1,274 ministers of the PCUSA. this represented 14% of the entire roster of ministers.

14. The Noble Rise of Christian Ecumenism By 1924, efforts at union with other denominational ministries were combined with a growing embrace of the liberal denial of the supernatural or exclusive gospel. 1930 - J.D. Rockefeller, Jr., a liberal Baptist, finances a “Layman’s Foreign Missions Inquiry” among seven major denominations. 1932 - Re-Thinking Missions.

15. The Noble Rise of Christian Ecumenism Re-Thinking Missions argued that in the face of emerging secularism, Christians should ally with other world religions, rather than struggle against them. “[A missionary should] look forward not to the destruction of these religions [of Asia], but to their continued coexistence with Christianity, each stimulating the other’s growth toward the ultimate goal, unity in the completest (sic) religious truth.”

16. By 1924, efforts at union with other denominational ministries were combined with a growing embrace of the liberal denial of the supernatural or exclusive gospel. 1932 – Re-Thinking Missions Pearl Buck, Presbyterian Missionary to China: "I think this is the only book I have ever read that seems to me literally true in its every observation and right in its every conclusion. ” The Noble Rise of Christian Ecumenism

17. By 1924, efforts at union with other denominational ministries were combined with a growing embrace of the liberal denial of the supernatural or exclusive gospel. 1932 – Re-Thinking Missions Pearl Buck, Presbyterian Missionary to China: “To some of us He is still the divine son of God, born of the virgin Mary, conceived by the Holy Spirit. But to many of us He has ceased to be that. … I do not believe in original sin. … I agree with the Chinese who feel their people should be protected from such superstition (re: Biblical teaching about salvation from sin).” The Noble Rise of Christian Ecumenism

18. The Crisis in Presbyterian Foreign Missions By 1924, efforts at union with other denominational ministries were combined with a growing embrace of the liberal denial of the supernatural or exclusive gospel. 1932 – Re-Thinking Missions Pearl Buck, Presbyterian Missionary to China. Machen: Modernism & the Board of Foreign Missions charging that the Board of Foreign Missions was insufficiently evangelical and particularly that its secretary, Robert E. Speer, had refused to require missionaries to subscribe to the Five Fundamentals.

19. The Crisis in Presbyterian Foreign Missions By 1924, efforts at union with other denominational ministries were combined with a growing embrace of the liberal denial of the supernatural or exclusive gospel. 1932 – Re-Thinking Missions Pearl Buck, Presbyterian Missionary to China. Machen: Modernism & the Board of Foreign Missions. The denominational Foreign Mission Board ▫proceeded to routinely deny candidates who seemed too “narrow minded”. ▫was increasingly being funded by partisan politics. Robert E. Speer

20. The Crisis in Presbyterian Foreign Missions An overture was moved through presbytery and presented at the 1933 G.A. by Dr. Machen ▫which would recognize the liberal influences of ecumenicity and encouraged election of conservatives. ▫but which failed overwhelmingly. In response, Machen led the organization of Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions. ▫It was immediately successful, receiving support funding and sending out its own missionaries. ▫But opposition arose on both sides of the aisle.

21. O.T. Allis Clarence Macartney Samuel Craig

22. The Stated Clerk of the Assembly initiated a reprisal with a “Mandate of 1934” ▫saying that Machen was subverting Presbyterian law by undertaking “administrative functions within the church without official sanction”, ▫& which ordered Presbyterian ministers to resign from participation/involvement with the Independent Board. ▫and ordered Presbyteries to bring noncompliant ministers to trial.

23. “Those who enjoy a bit of irony may notice that the same General Assembly of 1934, which laid its iron mandate to bind the conscience of Dr. Machen, passed a resolution commending the German Protestants for refusing to obey those actions of the Nazi church which contravene a minister’s exclusive allegiance to the Word of God.” William Childs Robinson Southern Presbyterian Theologian

24. The Crisis in Presbyterian Foreign Missions An overture was moved through presbytery and presented at the 1933 G.A. by Dr. Machen ▫which would recognize the liberal influences of ecumenicity and encouraged election of conservatives. ▫but which failed overwhelmingly. In response, Machen formed the Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions. ▫It was immediately successful, receiving support funding and sending out its own missionaries. ▫But opposition arose on both sides of the aisle. 1935 – Machen put on trial by the Presbytery of New Brunswick.

26. “[A]t the third session … the commission, following Machen's solemnly entered plea of "Not Guilty" to all the charges, ruled that it would not admit evidence bearing on several crucial matters. It would not accept or hear any arguments concerned with: * the Auburn Affirmation, * the question of the soundness of the Board of Foreign Missions, or * with the history of the Princeton-Westminster controversy, … * any arguments questioning the legality of the Assembly's mandate. It remains almost incredible that a Presbyterian court should thus have flouted the most elementary principles of justice.” Stonehouse, Ned B., J. Gresham Machen: A Biographical Memoir (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1954), pages 490-491.

27. The Crisis in Presbyterian Foreign Missions An overture was moved through presbytery and presented at the 1933 G.A. by Dr. Machen ▫which would recognize the liberal influences of ecumenicity and encouraged election of conservatives. ▫but which failed overwhelmingly. In response, Machen formed the Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions. ▫It was immediately successful, receiving support funding and sending out its own missionaries. ▫But opposition arose on both sides of the aisle. 1935 – Machen put on trial by the Presbytery of New Brunswick. The commission found Machen guilty and defrocked him.

28. the Rev. Daniel Russell Moderator, Presbytery of New York “Most Presbyterians hold no brief for the Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions. Many regret what has seemed at times an intolerant attitude on the part of Dr. Machen toward his brethren. Nevertheless, there must be a widespread feeling of sorrow together with something of sympathy for the accused in that, after thirty years of distinguished service to religion, this famed scholar, whether through his own fault or otherwise, has been condemned by his Presbytery … and that his denomination, if the condemnation is sustained, can find no place in which his brilliant gifts may be utilized … ”

29. In 1893 the church suspended Dr. Charles A Briggs from the ministry because he did not believe in the infallibility of the Bible, and in 1936 the same church suspended Dr. Machen from the ministry because he was determined to follow the teachings of the infallible Word of God. Edwin H. Rian

30. New Covenant Presbyterian Church Preaching God’s Sovereign Grace to a World of Need 128 St. Mary’s Church Rd., Abingdon, MD 21009 410-569-0289 www.ncpres.org www.ephesians515.com