1. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Energy Systems Diagramming Energy Systems Diagramming A Systems language...symbols, conventions and simulation…

2. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. A system is a group of parts which are connected and work together. Systems with living and nonliving parts are called ecosystems (which is short for ecological systems). (Odum, Odum, and Brown, 1997) What is a system?

3. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. To convert non-quantitative verbal models to… more quantitative, more accurate, more predictive, more consistent, and less confusing network diagrams Why a systems language?

4. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Understanding environment and society as a system means thinking about parts, processes, and connections. To help understand systems, it is helpful to draw pictures of networks that show components and relationships. Understanding systems…

5. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1….  With a system diagram, we can carry these system images in the mind. And learn the way energy, materials, and information interact.  By adding numerical values for flows and storages, the systems diagrams become quantitative and can be simulated with computers. Visualizing systems…

6. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Systems Language…

7. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Symbols continued...

8. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Symbols continued...

9. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Symbols continued...

10. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Systems are organized hierarchically

11. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Language Conventions….

12. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Procedures for Drawing a Systems Model 1.Draw the frame of attention that selects the boundary 2.Make a list of the important input pathways that cross the boundary 3.Make a list of the components believed to be important 4.Make a list of the processes believed to be important within the defined system.

13. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. 5.Remember that matter is conserved. 6.Check to see that money flows form a closed loop within the frame and that money inflows across the boundary lead to money outflows. 7.Check all pathways to see that energy flows are appropriate. Procedures for Drawing a Systems Model

14. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. 8. If color is used, the following are suggested: Yellow – sunlight, heat flows and used energy flows Blue – circulating materials of the biosphere such as water, air, nutrients Brown – geological components, fuels, mining Green – environmental areas, producers, production Red – consumers (animal and economic), population, industry, cities Purple - money Procedures for Drawing a Systems Model

15. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. 9. If a complex diagram has resulted (> 25 symbols), redraw it to make it neat and save it as a useful inventory and summary of the input knowledge. Redraw the diagram with the same boundary definition, aggregating symbols and flows to obtain a model of the desired complexity (perhaps 3-10 symbols). (Odum and Odum, 1996) Procedures for Drawing a Systems Model

16. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Production & Consumption…a simple ecosystem. Diagramming Conventions….

17. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. A more complex diagram of a forest... Diagramming Conventions….

18. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Diagramming Conventions…. Adding more complexity...

19. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. A generic ecosystem... Diagramming Conventions….

20. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Diagramming Conventions…. A city & support region...

21. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Ecological Engineering Diagramming Conventions….

22. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Coupling humanity and environment Diagramming Conventions….

23. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Picture Mathematics…. Drawing systems diagrams explicitly writes mathematical equations expressing relationships between flows and storages

24. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. J1 J1 = k1*E Flows…are the result of FORCES The units of energy flows are “power”…Joules/time The units of material flows are “rates” …kg/time E Picture Mathematics….

25. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Rate of Change Equation Rate of change of the storage “Q” is equal to the inflows minus the outflows... Picture Mathematics….

26. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Picture Mathematics….

27. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Equational structure…consumer Picture Mathematics….

28. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Picture Mathematics….

29. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1….  Model – a simplified concept within the human mind by which it visualizes reality.  System – can be defined as a set of parts and their connected relationships. (Odum and Odum, 1996) Modeling Definitions…

30. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Modeling Definitions…  Steady State – when the storages and patterns in an open system become constant with a balance of inflows and outflows.  Equilibrium – refers to any constant state, but generally refers to a closed system when the storages become constant.

31. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Modeling Definitions…  Aggregation – simplifying a system, not fragmentation 5 to 20 units Include energy and material budgets Representation of levels of energy hierarchy Include feedback pathways  Calibration – giving a model numerical values

32. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1….  Validation - Compare what is known about the real systems performance  Sensitivity - Analysis of how sensitive outcomes are to changes in the assumptions. Modeling Definitions…

33. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Steps in Developing and simulating a model. The usual approach…

34. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Steps in Developing and simulating a model Energy Systems approach

35. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Wetland hydrology Modeling….

36. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. System Diagram of Wetland Hydrology Modeling….

37. Emergy & Complex Systems Day 1, Lecture 1…. Modeling….