1. 1 From “Science and Society” to “Science in Society” EU initiatives Science and communication: Why to pay special attention to it?

2. 2 EU Research policies: FPs and ERA FP4 – 4th RTD Framework Programme, 1994-1998 FP5 – 5th Framework Programme, 1998-2002 FP6 – 6th Framework Programme, 2002-2006 FP7 – 7th Framework Programme, 2007-2013 In March 2000 the Lisbon European Council adopted the European Research Area (ERA), in order to structure and promote the concept of European research and cooperation between all actors in the field of science and technology within the EU.

3. 3 There is an explicit science and technology policy… …at the same time, science and technology are increasingly influencing the way society operates. Every day, scientific and technological progress contributes new innovations essential to our quality of life. New discoveries in sciences, information technology as well as the physical world are strongly influencing the social, economic, political and ethical structures we are accustomed to.

4. 4 Science, technology and Europeans Special Eurobarometers and opinion polls

5. 5 What do Europeans think of science and technology? Opinion polls (1977, 1990) and special Eurobarometers on Europeans, Science and Technology (1992, 2001 and 2005), 1977: Science and European public opinion, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_9_en.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_9_en.pdf 1990: Europeans, science and technology, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_43_fr.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_43_fr.pdf 1992: Europeans, science and technology, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_076_en.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_076_en.pdf 2001: Europeans, science and technology, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_154_en.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_154_en.pdf 2005: Europeans, science and technology, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_224_report_e n.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_224_report_e n.pdf

6. 6 Special Eurobarometer 154 in 2001 “Europeans, Science & Technology” It was concluded in the results of the October 2001 Eurobarometer survey European citizens do not feel in line with the goals set up by the European Union for science and technology. There is a need to step up scientific information in order to motivate European citizens to become more involved in science.

7. 7 Science and Society in 2001 In order to tackle these problems, an action plan called “Science and society” was adopted in December 2001 within the ERA. Some of the main objectives of this action plan: Promoting the scientific education and culture of European citizens Bringing scientific policy closer to citizens and strengthening citizen participation in the debates raised by the scientific advances Involving more women, who are not sufficiently represented in scientific development Strengthening the ethical basis of scientific and technological activities and detecting risks inherent in progress in order to put responsible science at the heart of policy making

8. 8 Special Eurobarometer 224 in 2005 “Europeans, Science & Technology” Main objective of the survey was to assess Europeans’ general attitudes towards science and technology. Points analysed in the report: European citizens’ interest and level of information Image and knowledge of science and technology Attitudes towards science and technology Responsibilities of scientists and policy-makers The public’s perception of European scientific research

9. 9 Special 2005 Eurobarometer findings Europeans are most interested in news themes on environmental pollution Main reasons for disinterest in science and technology are lack of understanding and lack of concern Developments in medicine attract most interest, medicine and physics are perceived as most scientific

10. 10 Special 2005 Eurobarometer findings Level of information is considerably lower than level of interest Little active involvement in science and technology issues among European citizens Scientific and technological developments are presented too negatively in the media Quiz test: There is a good level of scientific knowledge among Europeans

11. 11 Perception of Science in 2005 Science makes our ways of life change too fast Not important to know about science in the daily life 33 % in 1992 and 37 % in 2005 (+4) Application of advanced technologies increases competitiveness of the economy 67 % in 1992 and 64 % in 2005 (-3) Computers and factory automation will create more jobs than they will eliminate 65 % in 1992 and 55 % in 2005 (-10) But also: Scientific research which adds to knowledge should be supported by government 73 % in 1992 and 76 % in 2005 (+3)

12. 12 Informing and involving citizens in 2005 Scientists put too little effort into informing the public about their work (59 %) Politicians should rely more on the advice of expert scientists (73 %) Europeans are divided on whether they consider it important for them to be personally involved in decisions about science and technology. 39% do not believe such an involvement on their behalf is important, 41% disagree and believe such an involvement is actually important. 58% of citizens in the European Union think that the public is not sufficiently involved in decisions about science and technology.

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15. 15 Science in everyday life of Europeans It has been noted in the past years that there is a consistent problem of transparency between scientific and technological issues and the information and perception European citizens have on these. It seems that there is an existing gap between science and society: Europeans feel badly informed and little involved in science and technology, which has led to concerns and scepticism on specific issues.

16. 16 Policy implementation Scientific communication aspects in the framework programmes

17. 17 FP5 New goals, aspects and criteria were introduced in FP5 to link science and policy FP5 among other was based on relevance to main EU policies placed more emphasis on using results Main objective: Putting Science and technology at the service of the EU and its policies

18. 18 FP5, FP6 New strategic approach in EU research policies Address key European problems Consult widely  To increase impact  Stronger emphasis on dissemination From science AND society to science IN society: towards a framework for ‘co-operative research A European Commission Workshop, Directorate-General Research, Governance and Scientific Advice Unit, Brussels, 24–25 November 2005 More info: http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=356&lang=1&CFID=9549768&CFTOKEN=b919d 2ce09b2d6b-3238FA2E-E010-64C6-4E0B0317DCB69F4Fhttp://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=356&lang=1&CFID=9549768&CFTOKEN=b919d 2ce09b2d6b-3238FA2E-E010-64C6-4E0B0317DCB69F4F Report: http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/pdf/goverscience_final_report_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/pdf/goverscience_final_report_en.pdf

19. 19 Communicating science in FP7 Scientific research is directly linked to social welfare, the economy and global sustainability. The impact of science is such that communicating research activities and results to the public must be helped and encouraged. Under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), projects are contractually required to include communication in their strategy. In this context, the European Commission provides extensive support to research projects. This expertise is freely and publicly accessible. General link: http://cordis.europa.eu/en/home.html http://cordis.europa.eu/en/home.html

20. 20 Useful resources European Commission and world

21. 21 The Comminssion means communication seriously… Conference Communicating European Research 2005 International Conference, Brussels, 14-15 November 2005 Successful communications website, http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/science- communication/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/science- communication/index_en.htm Guide to successful communications, http://ec.europa.eu/research/conferences/2004/cer2004/pdf/rtd_ 2004_guide_success_communication.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/research/conferences/2004/cer2004/pdf/rtd_ 2004_guide_success_communication.pdf Communicating Science - a scientist's survival kit, http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/pdf/communicating- science_en.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/pdf/communicating- science_en.pdf Communicating European Research 2005, International Conference, Brussels, 14-15 November 2005 http://ec.europa.eu/research/conferences/2005/cer2005/index_en.html http://ec.europa.eu/research/conferences/2005/cer2005/index_en.html

22. 22 The Commission means communication seriously… Websites CORDIS: Community Research & Development Information Service, http://cordis.europa.eu/en/home.htmlhttp://cordis.europa.eu/en/home.html Recent redesign of the CORDIS website Europa > CORDIS > FP7 > Capacities > Science in society

23. 23 The Comminssion means communication seriously… Websites Redesign of the EC Research website http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm Among other new „Who are you?“ navigation indicating main target groups for European research: Researchers Journalists Students Teachers NGOs Policy makers Business General public

24. 24 European Commission resources Science and Society portal, http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/index.cfm http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/index.cfm Embedding science and society into EU Research, http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=65 http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=65 Communicating research, http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=35 http://ec.europa.eu/research/science- society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=35

25. 25 Others do it… Examples of science communication funding in the world

26. 26 US Government grant scheme Communicating Research to Public Audiences grants (US government), http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2003/nsf03509/nsf03509.html http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2003/nsf03509/nsf03509.html Communicating Research to Public Audiences grants are a special category of projects supported under the Informal Science Education (ISE) program. The outcome of all ISE projects is an informed citizenry that has access to ideas and tools of science and engineering to enhance their quality of life and the health, prosperity, welfare, and security of the nation. The purpose of Communicating Research to Public Audiences grants is to promote the discovery, integration, dissemination, and employment of new knowledge in service to society and to achieve excellence in U.S. science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education at all levels.

27. 27 Australia: Communicating research knowledge to the public The University of South Australia,Resources for Research Degree Graduate Qualities http://www.unisa.edu.au/resgrad/commres/public.asp http://www.unisa.edu.au/resgrad/commres/public.asp Communicating research knowledge to the public is part of a healthy environment for research and development and contributes to society's understanding, builds links with other sectors and improves credibility and acceptance for your discipline. The sixth generic quality involves communicating effectively as a researcher in a discipline or professional area and as a leading member of the community. Effective communication means that the higher degree by research student should be able to disseminate research findings within the broad research discipline, both orally and in writing as well as being able to translate the substance of research findings to the public.

28. 28 Study it, go to a conference, get trained or train it, get paid or pay for it… Journals: Science communication http://scx.sagepub.com/ http://jcom.sissa.it/about-us/general/ Learning resource: Science communication http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Topic:Science_Communication_in_the_UK Weblog center: Science communication http://www.sciencecommunication.org/ Study programmes: Science communication M.Sc. in Science Communication, http://www.dcu.ie/prospective/deginfo.php?classname=MSC&mode=full&originating_school=60 http://www.dcu.ie/prospective/deginfo.php?classname=MSC&mode=full&originating_school=60 MSc in Science Communication, http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/humanities/sciencecommunicationgroup/mscinsciencecommunication / http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/humanities/sciencecommunicationgroup/mscinsciencecommunication / Science Communication Program, http://scicom.ucsc.edu/http://scicom.ucsc.edu/ Trainings: University of West England, Science Communication Unit, http://www.uwe.ac.uk/fas/graphicscience/projects/training/index.htm http://www.uwe.ac.uk/fas/graphicscience/projects/training/index.htm Network: ESConet – European Science Communication Network http://www.esconet.org/workshop/escw.html

29. 29 Other resources „Communicating Science to the Public: A Handbook for Researchers“, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), http://www.nserc.ca/seng/how1en.htm http://www.nserc.ca/seng/how1en.htm http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/nextpage/ …just go to www.google.com and make a query for „communicating research“ or „communicating science“ or „science communication“ or similar topics…www.google.com

30. 30 Remember … „Change is hard, but stagnation is fatal.“ Peter C. Bishop

31. 31 Picture sources Cartoon from Punch´s Almanack for 1882: http://www.tulane.edu/~darwin/EE OB%20619/Darwin-Worm.jpg Cartoon from 1871: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor: Darwin_ape.jpg

32. 32 Marta Nachtmannová CINEFOGO SoE Office at CESES FSV UK Celetná 20, 116 36 Prague 1 Czechia nacht@fsv.cuni.cz Thank you for your attention.