1. WATER TEST REVIEW

2.  What percent of our planet is water?

3. 70%

4.  What percent of the Earth’s water is fresh water?

5. 3%

6. Where is most of the earth’s fresh water located?

7. Icebergs and glaciers

8.  What is the number one use of water in our homes?

9. Flushing toilets!

10.  Why do scientists study macroinvertebrates in water?

11. They can indicate the health of a stream

12.  How many children die of diarrhea every year?

13. 1.5 million

14.  How many gallons of water does the average American use every day?

15. 100 gallons

16.  What is the largest watershed in the US?

17. The Mississippi River

18.  Name the 2 main uses of water in the US

19. Agriculture and industry

20.  Where do most cities get their water?

21. From rivers and lakes

22. DEFINITIONS Jeopardy sytle

23.  A reservoir

24. What is an artificial lake created by a dam?

25.  Water found in lakes, rivers and streams

26. What is surface water?

27. Process by which nutrients increase in a lake, while oxygen levels decrease.

28. What is eutrophication?

29. An underground rock formation that holds water

30.  What is an aquifer?

31.  highway construction, storm-water run-off from streets, pesticides from yards and farms

32. What are examples of nonpoint pollution?

33. Process by which increasing amounts of toxins are stored in the bodies of organisms as toxins move up a food chain

34. What is biological magnification? In order for a pollutant to biomagnify, the following conditions must be met:  The pollutant must be long-lived.  The pollutant must be concentrated by the producers.  The pollutant must be fat-soluble

35.  An area of land that is drained by a river.

36. What is a watershed? What is the largest watershed in the US? The Mississippi River

37. An aquifer cannot recharge

38.  What happens when too much water is removed from an aquifer?  This is what is happening to the Ogallala Aquifer in the midwest

39.  Water is too warm for fish to tolerate and oxygen levels decrease

40. What are some effects of thermal pollution?

41.  Why was the Clean Water Act passed in 1972?

42.  To protect water quality of surface and ground water

43.  List 2 facts about the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.

44.  Is an area of eutrophication  Has few fish  Is created by nitrates and phosphates from agriculture flowing into the Mississippi River

45.  How many different types of water pollution can you name?

46.  Phosphates  Nitrates  Heavy metals like mercury, lead, cadmium and  Litter  Pathogens  Organic matter like plants, animals and feces  Sedimentation  Pesticides  Thermal pollution  pH from mines or acid rain (alkaline or acidic water)  Habitat modification

47.  What waterborne disease is affecting the population in Haiti?

48.  Cholera  Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Transmission is primarily through contaminated drinking water or food.  The primary symptoms of cholera are profuse diarrhea, severe dehydration, abdominal pain, and fever. An untreated cholera patient may produce around 10 liters of diarrheal fluid a day.  As of Jan. 24 th, the number of cholera cases in Haiti totalled 209,034 with over 4,000 deaths.

49.  Why are swimming pools associated with so many diseases?

50.  So many people are concentrated in a small area  Lots of diaper and toddler-aged children  Communal bathing

51.  Give 3 advantages of a dam.

52. Can provide:  hydroelectric power- clean energy  Recreation areas  Jobs  Flood prevention  Irrigation water for farmers  Drinking water

53.  Name 3 disadvantages of dams

54.  Loss of jobs  Fish species can die out because the water flow is altered  People may lose their homes and land  Siltation  Destruction of cultural sites  Loss of water due to evaporation

55.  Name as many waterborne diseases as you can

56.  Cholera  Typhoid  Giardia  E. coli  Legionaire’s disease- Legionnaires' disease is a type of pneumonia caused by bacteria. You usually get it by breathing in mist from water that contains the bacteria. The mist may come from hot tubs, showers or air-conditioning units for large buildings.  Cryptosporidiosis  Amebiases  Salmonellosis  Shigella  Hepatitis A- 3 rd most common in US (inflammation of the liver)

57.  In July, 1976, at the Bellevue Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, more than 4000 World War II Legionnaires, along with their families and friends, assembled to participate in the 58th American Legion's convention, about 600 of whom stayed at the hotel where the convention was hosted.  Reports of a strange illness began pouring in to the Pennsylvania (USA) Department of Health in late July 1976. By August 2, the department realized that all of the reports involved persons who had attended the American Legion's convention. Illness struck 221 persons in all, 72 of whom did not attend the convention but were in or near the hotel over the same period. 34 died.  Legionnaires’ disease is not rare. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, has estimated that the disease infects 10,000 to 15,000 persons annually in the United States, but others have estimated as many as 100,000 annual cases.

58.  What river in Ohio caught on fire?

59. The Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio in the 1880s – 1960s.

60.  List 3 example of point source pollution

61.  Septic tanks, storage lagoons for polluted waste  Landfills  Underground storage tanks containing pollutants such as gasoline.

62.  A pollutant associated with detergents, fertilizers and residential wastewater is _____.

63.  Phosphates

64.  A pollutant associated with plant residue, sewage and fertilizers is _____.

65.  Nitrates