1. Global History: Spiconardi

2.  The Han emperor relied on a bureaucracy to help him rule  Bureaucracy  Bureaucracy  highly organized and centralized government  A system of agencies and departments are developed to assist government carry out its work

3. EMPEROR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Prefecture District Commune Village Commandery Inspecting Secretary Commandery Admin. Commandery Commandant Prison Commandant Specialists THREE EXCELLENCIES Chancellor Chancellor’s Office 10 Ministers Grandee SecretaryCommander-in-chief Generals Armies

4.  Civil Service Exams  In order to acquire a position as a government official, one had to pass an exam  The exam was based on Confucianism  No favoritism; had to prove qualifications  Test lasted several days

5.  Paper  Prior to the invention of paper, the Chinese wrote on silk, which was expensive  Paper was a cheaper alternative to silk

6.  Wheel Barrow  The burden of weight was distributed equally between the wheel and the puller  This allowed for heavier loads to be transported

7.  Compass  Originally not used for navigation  Used for geomancy  Geomancy  interpreting geography for divine messages or to gain insight  Chinese used the compass to align their houses & cities with the Earth’s forces Unlike many compasses, the first Chinese compass pointed South, not North

8.  Seismograph  Informed people when an earthquake was occurring and from which direction

9.  Acupuncture  Inserting needles into certain points in the human body can alleviate pain  Believed to restore health & well being

10.  The Silk Road  a series of trade routes stretching fro Xian (Chang’an) to Rome  Chinese exported silk to rest of the world  Promotes cultural diffusion