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International tobacco companies David Simpson Director, International Agency on Tobacco and Health Visiting Professor, London School of Hygiene & Tropical.

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Presentation on theme: "International tobacco companies David Simpson Director, International Agency on Tobacco and Health Visiting Professor, London School of Hygiene & Tropical."— Presentation transcript:

1 International tobacco companies David Simpson Director, International Agency on Tobacco and Health Visiting Professor, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Honorary Fellow, Clinical Trial Service Unit, Oxford Editor, News Analysis, Tobacco Control journal

2 World’s smokers From the US Bureau of the Census and World Bank, Curbing the epidemic: Governments and the economics of tobacco control, 1999.

3 Smoking prevalence: men WHO data

4 Smoking prevalence: women WHO data

5 World tobacco deaths. WHO World Health Report 1999.

6 Cumulative tobacco deaths WHO World Health Report 1999.

7 Tobacco addiction is a communicated disease: The vector? Big tobacco

8 Trans-national tobacco companies’ sales (1990) US$ billions

9 TNC sales & developing countries’ gross domestic product (GDP) US$ billions Philip Morris BAT Japan Tobacco Peru Bangladesh Kenya Senegal Sri Lanka Ghana Hungary

10 BAT (highest paid director) IATH (total income) & Annual earnings:

11 The international tobacco industry Philip Morris – PM (holding company now known as ‘Altria’) British American Tobacco – BAT (includes Rothmans) Japan Tobacco International – JTI (still state-controlled; former JT + non-US business of RJR Reynolds) Marlboro, Chesterfield, Philip Morris State Express 555, Lucky Strike, Benson & Hedges, Rothmans Mild Seven, Salem also: Altadis (France/Spain, formerly SEITA & Tabacalera); Imperial (UK), incl. Reemtsma (Germany) ; ITC India (part-BAT); Monopolies, e.g. Tekel (Turkey), Sampoerna (Indonesia), etc

12 A brief tobacco industry history of the tobacco epidemic 1940s +50s 1960s + 70s 1980s 1990s 2000-2003 - scientific evidence forces health- related scientific research - development of government health policy; - industry scientists lose power to marketing executives - expand international activities; - use toxic reduction health policy as hostage to preserve advertising - litigation increases; - Minnesota case releases millions of papers; - health advocacy increases - ‘We’ve changed!’ programmes, e.g. BAT’s ‘Social reports’; - FCTC process puts tobacco on health agenda worldwide; - continue to expand markets as fast as possible

13 Two unique aspects of the tobacco industry: The product: highly addictive very dangerous, at any level of consumption; largest cause of disease, disability & premature death The people: self-selected group, not concerned by scientific evidence of diseases caused by tobacco

14 One simple truth about the tobacco industry: The companies will always fight every effective health policy measure

15

16 Senegal

17 Cape Times, South Africa, Oct 1993

18 Trinidad, 1998

19 Uganda, Tanzania & Kenya, Dec 2001

20 - “We don’t want kids to smoke” - global ad code (self-regulation…) - “Let us back into the scientific community” - community aid programmes Tobacco industry ‘We’ve changed’ strategy:

21 Tobacco industry ‘We’ve changed’ strategy: “We don’t want kids to smoke”

22 Industry ‘Youth Prevention’ programmes: -public relations strategy: improve image -‘proactive’ - industry avoids ad bans -programme says little on dangers of tobacco -programmes shown to be ineffective* - “adult activity” - may encourage kids to smoke * * DiFranza J & McAfee T. The Tobacco Institute: Helping youth to say ‘yes’ to tobacco. J Fam Prac 1992,34(6)

23 “The youth program... support[s] the [Tobacco] Institute’s objective of discouraging unfair... federal, state and local restrictions on cigarette advertising, by...” US Tob. Inst. 1/1991

24 “Reinforcing the belief that peer pressure - not advertising - is the cause of youth smoking. US Tob. Inst. 1/1991

25 “Reinforcing the belief that peer pressure - not advertising - is the cause of youth smoking. “Seizing the political center and forcing the antismokers to an extreme…” US Tob. Inst. 1/1991

26 “The strategy is fairly simple: “1. Heavily promote industry opposition to youth smoking.” US Tob. Inst. 1/1991

27 “The strategy is fairly simple: “1. Heavily promote industry opposition to youth smoking. “2. Align industry with broader, more sophisticated view of the problem - that is, parental inability to offset peer pressure.” US Tob. Inst. 1/1991

28 “The strategy is fairly simple: “1. Heavily promote industry opposition to youth smoking. “2. Align industry with broader, more sophisticated view of the problem - that is, parental inability to offset peer pressure.” “3. Work with and through credible child welfare professionals and educators to tackle the ‘problem’.” US Tob. Inst. 1/1991

29 “The strategy is fairly simple: “1. Heavily promote industry opposition to youth smoking. “2. Align industry with broader, more sophisticated view of the problem - that is, parental inability to offset peer pressure.” “3. Work with and through credible child welfare professionals and educators to tackle the ‘problem’.” “4. Bait anti-tobacco forces to criticise industry efforts.” US Tob. Inst. 1/1991

30 Industry youth programmes: Uzbekistan

31 Industry youth programmes: Middle East

32 Tobacco industry ‘We’ve changed’ strategy: ‘global advertising code’ (self-regulation)

33 “We have analyzed the 9-page agreement and believe that the multinationals' strategy is proactive and is a way to improve their image.” - Herzog B, Credit Suisse, investors’ briefing. Oct ‘01 Tobacco industry global advertising code - a Wall Street analyst’s view:

34 Tobacco industry ‘We’ve changed’ strategy: “Let us back into science”

35 - make health policy dependent on tobacco - split the scientific community - tie up research resources on non-tobacco topics - corporate ‘blackmail’ against legislation ‘Tobacco industry ‘We’ve changed’ strategy: “Let us back into science”

36 “We all decided not to accept the tobacco company [money] in the end & now trying to find alternate source of funding … “Some time I feel isolated in Pakistan when I give my strong feelings against the tobacco..” IATH Contact, Karachi, Nov ‘01 Tobacco industry’s ‘science’ programmes - a note from Pakistan:

37 Botswana

38 Senegal, May 1998

39 Philippines, 1995

40 Pakistan, May 2000

41

42 IATH’s Contacts / Countries

43 1991

44 2002

45 International Agency on Tobacco and Health (IATH) Contacts’ e-mail & web access, Nov 2001

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