1. Maps and Images for McKay 8e A History of Western Society
Cover Slide
Maps and Images for McKay 8e
A History of Western Society
Chapter 26
The West and the World
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

2. Industrialization and the World Economy
The European race for overseas empires resulted in Europe’s domination of non-European areas of the world.
The race was stimulated by industrial, commercial, and transportation revolutions.
Europe sought markets in Africa and Asia.
World trade increased considerably because of transportation innovations.
The railroad, the steamship and other technological innovations revolutionized trade patterns.

3. Global Inequality Lopsided global development
Rich / poor -3rd world
West used science / technology / capital organization / to make the world better
Others believe that the west used economics and industrialization to steal the World
The “New Imperialism” emerged in the European race for overseas markets.
Economic concerns played a subordinate role to political ones.

4. Empire and advertising
Empire had become so much a part of European life in the late nineteenth century that advertisements for biscuits, such as this one for Huntley & Palmers (Manufacturers to the Queen), included colonial scenes. Such media made colonial domination seem normal, part of the natural order of things.

5. Global Inequality
Revolution in land and sea transportation helped the West
Made the 1st Global Economy
Investment went out / profits came in
Nationalist and Social Darwinist impulses motivated westerners.
Europeans saw themselves as protectors and educators of the people of color in Asia and Africa.
They believed the white Christian community of Europe should shoulder the “white man’s burden”.

6. Petersen, Danish emigrants departing
In 1890 Danish artist Edward Petersen painted Danish emigrants readying to leave their homeland. Between 1860 and 1914, 300,000 people emigrated from the small country of Denmark, most of them to the United States.

7. Opening China and Japan
Peaceful if possible but force in necessary to open markets to the West
China was a regulated society
Qing or Manchu Government
Forbade sale of opium or export of silver
Lin Tse Hsu ordered it stopped / Britain failed and were expelled / War broke out /
Opium Wars
Treaty of Nanking Britain got Hong Kong Cities opened to foreign trade / $100 million paid by China

8. Opening China and Japan
Peaceful if possible but force in necessary to open markets to the West
Japan was a Feudal society closed to foreigners
Run by the Shogun and Samurai / Emperor was a figure head
American Admiral Matthew Perry forced Japan open with threat of war
Japan struggled to come to terms with issue

9. Egypt and the West West appealed to Egypt
Turkish General Muhammad Ali ran Egypt
Modernized / Set up military / society based on Europe
Established a strong Egyptian State to be ruled by his family
Hurt the peasants by taxing them to produce goods to be sold to the West
Ismail Ali – Grandson of Muhammad Ali
Set up rule as Khedive (Prince) for 16 years
Not smart / borrowed from West / got into debt / Britain intervened politically to protect investments
West began running the country / direct control of the country / A Major break with the Old policies
Colonel Ahmed Arabi
Egyptian Nationalist Party to overthrow the foreigners
Britain occupied Egypt till 1956
Formed the NEW model for European Expansion (New Imperialism)

10. Opening of Suez Canal
Opening of Suez Canal
This colored engraving depicts the opening of the Suez Canal, which the French had built across Egyptian territory in 1869, linking the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. It significantly shortened the voyage by ship from Europe to East Asia. The Suez Canal exemplified the speeding up of transportation and communication in the second half of the nineteenth century.

11. The Great Migration
Millions move as a result / The West had a powerful impact on the rest of the World
Population Explosion
USA took many (less than ½ )
Europeans took their culture with them

12. Railroads and immigration, United States
The opening of the western region of the United States attracted settlers from the east coast and from Europe. These migrants are waiting for a train to take them to the Black Hills of Dakota during one of the gold rushes of the late nineteenth century.

13. Jewish market, New York
Jewish market, New York
This hand-colored photograph shows a Jewish market in New York City in The center of economic and social life in the Lower East Side was the market. Jewish immigrants could usually find work with Jewish employers, and New York's Jewish population soared from 73,000 in 1880 to 1.1 million in 1910.

14. Vaccinating migrants bound for Hawaii
First Chinese, then Japanese, and finally Koreans and Filipinos went in large numbers across the Pacific to labor in Hawaii on American-owned sugar plantations in the late nineteenth century. The native Hawaiians had been decimated by disease, preparing the way for the annexation of Hawaii by the United States in In this photo, migrants bound for Hawaii in 1904 are being vaccinated onboard ship.
Vaccinating migrants bound for Hawaii

15. European Migrations,
European Migrations,
Throughout the nineteenth century, millions of Europeans left home for overseas; most headed for the United States.

16. Western Imperialism and Africa
New Imperialism / Direct control of others
Berlin Conference
Began Effective Occupation system / meant that to claim you had to occupy / laid the ground rules for imperialism.
Germany got into the game
Britain took South Africa / Afrikaners left claimed interior / Rhodes went over the Afrikaners and founded Rhodesia (Whites ruled)
forced apartheid into the locals as self protection
Boer war between British (won) and Afrikaners
Union of South Africa as a result
Europe divide up the rest of Africa
Used Egypt as example
Belgium Congo
Britain lost at Khartoum / won at Omdurman but took control of west Africa

17. Leopold's treatment of Africans
This 1908 English cartoon, "Leopold, King of the Congo, in his native dress," focuses on the barbaric practice of cutting off the hands and feet of Africans who refused to gather as much rubber as Leopold's company demanded. In 1908 an international human rights campaign forced the Belgian king to cede his personal fief to the Belgian state. (Archives of Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milan)

18. Map: Africa in 1914
Africa in 1914
European powers in the late nineteenth century conquered most of Africa. Only Liberia and Ethiopia were left unoccupied at the start of the war. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)

19. Western Imperialism and Asia
Dutch East Indies
Spanish American War / Philippines and Hawaii
Partitioning of China
Japan joins the Imperialism club

20. Map: Asia in 1914
Asia in 1914
China, Siam (Thailand), and a portion of Persia were the only parts of Asia still independent after the Great Powers, including the United States and Japan, subjugated the continent to alien rule.

21. Causes of New Imperialism
A multiplicity of causes motivated the European nations and the United States in their quest for foreign dominions.
Economic motives were important but limited.
Colonies were believed to be crucial for national security.
Nationalism, racism, and Social Darwinism contributed to imperialism.
The writer Kipling set forth the notion of the “white man’s burden.”
Missionaries brought Christianity and education but also racism.

22. Critics of Imperialism
Critics of imperialism portrayed the bleak side of the European incursion into non-European areas of the world.
They argued that overseas colonies benefited the well-to-do only.
The English critic Hobson influenced Marxist and socialist thinkers with his diatribes against imperialism.
The subject peoples responded in a variety of ways: resistance, violence, resignation, or acceptance.

23. Response to Western Imperialism
India (Great rebellion or the Mutiny)
Northern India Military insurrection / put down by southern Indian Troops
Bloody left Britain with direct rule in India
Few ran everything / good progress but many resented and wanted freedom
Hindu Indian National Congress / wanted home rule and independence

24. Response to Western Imperialism
Japan
Shoguns and Samurai ran Japan
Revolt restored the emperor as a power (Called the Meiji Restoration) Turning point in History
Meiji used the West ---- industrialized / modernized military Imperial colonial ambitions took Korea / humiliated Russia took Port Author got foothold in China
Defeated China
Authoritarian / rejected democracy moving toward Imperial Fascism

25. Response to Western Imperialism
China
Qing revived by Tzu Hsi
Defeat in Sino-Japanese War led to unraveling of Chinese society
Open Door Policy saved China
Boxer Rebellion was last chance to take back China
Sun Yat-sin wanted a liberal Republic
1912 Last Emperor China became a republic