1. Introduction
Chapter Introduction
This chapter will introduce you to Canada. You will learn all about the region’s geography, history, and culture.
Section 1: Chapter Atlas
Section 2: History of Canada
Section 3: Canada Today

2. Alyssa’s Story Why is Alyssa going to spend time in Iqaluit?
myStory
Alyssa’s Story
Why is Alyssa going to spend time in Iqaluit?
Which three groups make up Canada’s aboriginal population?
Watch the myStory Video and think about what you’ve learned about Alyssa and her life in Canada.

3. Alyssa’s Story How has being Inuit shaped Alyssa’s life? myStory
Watch the myStory Video and think about what you’ve learned about Alyssa and her life in Canada. Use the graphic organizer to collect your evidence explaining how being Inuit has shaped Alyssa’s life.

4. myStory
Alyssa’s Story
Which Inuit traditions does Alyssa share with children as part of her job?
Think back on Alyssa’s story. Use the graphic organizer to list traditions Alyssa shares with children at her job.

5. myStory
Alyssa’s Story
What traditional foods does Alyssa share with her co-workers?
Think back on Alyssa’s story. Use the graphic organizer to list traditional foods Alyssa shares with her co-workers.

6. Is conflict unavoidable?
Chapter Atlas
Is conflict unavoidable?
Think about your experiences. Use the graphic organizer to make notes about whether conflict is unavoidable. Use specific examples to explain your answer.

7. Chapter Atlas
Describe your region, including climate, location, physical features, and natural resources:
Ask students to think about the physical region in which they live. Have them identify its main characteristics, such as climate, location, notable physical features, and natural resources. Then have them describe how these characteristics affect people’s lives, such as people they know who have either moved away from their region or have moved to a particular region due to climate concerns.

8. Academic Vocabulary fertile - adj. well suited for growing plants
Chapter Atlas
Academic Vocabulary
fertile - adj. well suited for growing plants
Because of the fertile soil, farmers had a plentiful harvest.
varied - adj. diverse, showing variety
The population of Canada is extremely varied.
Use the Academic Vocabulary or high-use words to review terms you may encounter in the section. If you are unfamiliar with the terms, read the definitions and practice by using them in sentences.

9. Chapter Atlas
Key Ideas
There are several landform regions in Canada which affect how people live.
Canada has impressive reserves of timber, minerals, and fresh water, and many of its industries are based on these resources.

10. Chapter Atlas
Key Ideas
In economic development that has paralleled the United States, most of the Canadian population now lives in cities.

11. Chapter Atlas
Key Terms
precipitation - water that falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
tundra - area with limited vegetation, such as moss and shrubs
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Canada chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

12. Key Terms permafrost - permanently frozen soil
Chapter Atlas
Key Terms
permafrost - permanently frozen soil
mixing zone - an area where warm and cool water combine and stir nutrients from the ocean floor; fish feed on these nutrients
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Canada chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

13. What are some important places
Chapter Atlas
What are some important places
to know in Canada?
Canadian Cordillera
Canadian Shield
Arctic Archipelago
St. Lawrence River Valley
Visit the Active Atlas in the digital lesson for Canada. Use the digital lesson to learn more about the physical geography of Canada.

14. Canada: Outline Map Chapter Atlas
Think back on the list of important places to know for Canada. Label those places on the outline map.

15. What landforms in the United States are also found in Canada?
Chapter Atlas
What landforms in the United States are also found in Canada?
Review with students what they already know about landforms of the United States. Ask them to predict landforms that are found in both the United States and Canada.

16. Canada: Physical Features
Chapter Atlas
Canada: Physical Features
Canada is the second largest country in the world in total land area.
The Canadian Shield, a massive rocky area dotted with thousands of lakes, extends from Hudson Bay to the Canadian Cordillera.

17. Canada: Physical Features
Chapter Atlas
Canada: Physical Features
The St. Lawrence River Valley is the most populated region in Canada.
The St. Lawrence River Valley, the Atlantic coast, and the Southwest coast of Canada all have moderate climates.

18. Canada: Climate The interior plains of Canada have extreme weather.
Chapter Atlas
Canada: Climate
The interior plains of Canada have extreme weather.
The areas closest to the United States have hot summers and cold winters.

19. Canada: Land and Natural Resources
Chapter Atlas
Canada: Land and Natural Resources
The Canadian Shield produces many important minerals that are used throughout the world.
The St. Lawrence River and Seaway connect the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
Fishing, forestry, agriculture, and tourism are all important parts of Canada’s economy.

20. What are some natural resources in Canada
Chapter Atlas
What are some natural resources in Canada
that can also be found in the United States?
Use what you have learned in the section to complete the graphic organizer.

21. What are some environmental problems facing Canada?
Chapter Atlas
What are some environmental problems facing Canada?
Use what you have learned in the section to complete the graphic organizer.

22. Is conflict unavoidable?
Chapter Atlas
Is conflict unavoidable?
Think back on everything you learned in the section. Use the graphic organizer to make notes about whether conflict is unavoidable. Use specific examples to explain your answer.

23. In your community, what are some different cultural traditions?
History
In your community, what are some
different cultural traditions?
Ask students to identify the cultures of the people in the community where they live. Was their region settled by people from the same country or from different countries? What traditions did they bring with them that have affected life in the community? Have students free write for 5 minutes on the topic.

24. History
Academic Vocabulary
dominate - v. to control, to manage all aspects Superior weapons enabled Europeans to dominate native peoples.
prospered - v. was successful By investing wisely the company prospered.
Use the Academic Vocabulary or high-use words to review terms you may encounter in the section. If you are unfamiliar with the words, read the definitions and practice by using them in sentences.

25. History
Key Ideas
Canada’s natural resources have played a key role in the country’s development.
The distinct French and English populations promoted biculturalism early in Canada’s history.

26. History
Key Ideas
Canada’s historical ties to the United Kingdom outline a unique transition from interdependence to independence.

27. History
Key Terms
compromise - establishing common ideas that people agree to follow
First Nations - native groups who lived south of the arctic region in Canada
New France - French colony in what is now eastern Canada
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Canada chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

28. History
Key Terms
province - territory that is under control of a larger country
dominion - territory that governs itself but is still tied to its original country
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Canada chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

29. Native Canadian Groups
History
Native Canadian Groups
There were many different Native groups in
Canada:
Algonquin
Iroquois
Inuit

30. Contact With Europeans
History
Contact With Europeans
Europeans arrived in the 1400s.
They eventually set up trading agreements with Natives.
Europeans traded wool cloth and metal goods for Native American furs.
Use the timeline in the digital lesson for Canada to learn more about the history of Canada.

31. Cause and Effect: What was the impact
History
Cause and Effect: What was the impact
of the fur trade?
Competition for land between France and England
Increased contact with Europeans, which led to new diseases being introduced to the Native population

32. History
European Settlement
France was the first European nation to claim land in Canada.
England arrived and claimed land north of New France.
Conflict over the fur trade led to the Seven Years War between France and England.
Use the timeline in the digital lesson for Canada to learn more about the history of Canada.

33. Cause and Effect What was the result of the Seven Years War?
History
Cause and Effect
What was the result of the Seven Years War?
What European nation ruled Canada after the war?
Use the timeline in the digital lesson for Canada to learn more about the history of Canada.

34. History
The Dominion of Canada
In the 1800s, Britain passed an act that made Canada a dominion.
The dominion governed itself, but was still tied to Britain.

35. History
Immigration
In the early 1900s, immigrants arrived from Great Britain, Russia, and the United States.
From 1901 to 1911, Canada’s population grew by 32 percent.

36. An Independent Nation Canada fought in World War I alongside Britain.
History
An Independent Nation
Canada fought in World War I alongside Britain.
Canada proved it could be an independent nation, and in 1931 Britain granted its independence.

37. First Great Challenge How did Canada get out of the Great Depression?
History
First Great Challenge
How did Canada get out of the Great Depression?
Use what you have learned in the section to complete the graphic organizer.

38. What types of food have you eaten from different cultures?
Today
What types of food have you eaten
from different cultures?
Have students share experiences of eating foods from other cultures. Have students write about what made that food different from the food they are used to. The ingredients? The spiciness? The method of eating it? Challenge students to explain how food is culture. Ask, what can you find out about people’s habits or values based on their food?

39. How do historical ties to Britain influence life in Canada today?
Remind students that in the previous section they learned about Canada’s historical ties to the United Kingdom. Ask them to predict how those ties might influence life in Canada today.

40. Today
Academic Vocabulary
parliamentary - adj. referring to the lawmaking branch of the Canadian government
Canada has a parliamentary system similar to that of Great Britain.
project - v. to predict
Economists project a rise in the cost of living.
Use the Academic Vocabulary or high-use words to review terms you may encounter in the section. If you are unfamiliar with the terms, read the definitions and practice by using them in sentences.

41. Today
Key Ideas
Canada’s federal government reflects historical ties to Britain.
Canada has a modern economy and is an active trade partner with many countries.
Cultural diversity in Canada is unique, as groups maintain much of their traditions
while being Canadian citizens.

42. Today
Key Terms
cultural mosaic - place where people from different areas retain their cultural identity
constitutional monarchy - system of government in which the laws in the constitution limit the monarch's or emperor's powers
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Canada chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

43. Today
Key Terms
plural society - society in which distinctive cultural, ethnic, and racial groups are encouraged to maintain their own identities and cultures
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Canada chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

44. Historical Ties to Britain
Today
Historical Ties to Britain
Canada has had a long and enduring relationship with Great Britain.
The British Queen, Elizabeth II, is the Canadian head of state
In 1982, Canada created its own constitution to address issues unique to the country

45. Today
Compare and Contrast: How did Canada and the United States separate from Great Britain?

46. Today
Canada: Politics
Canada’s executive branch is made up of the governor general, the prime minister, and the cabinet.
The government of Canada tries to balance the needs of both French and English-speaking Canadians.

47. Canada’s Role in the World
Today
Canada’s Role in the World
Canada has a strong economy and a well-educated workforce.
Canadians have a high quality of life, and there is national healthcare for every citizen.
Canada exports many natural resources throughout the world.

48. Canada as a Peacekeeper
Today
Canada as a Peacekeeper
Canada is known throughout the world as a peacekeeping nation.
Canada plays a large role in the peacekeeping missions of the United Nations
They work to stop wars and protect freedoms

49. Today
The Cultural Mosaic
Canada is a diverse nation with many different ethnic groups.
Canadians are encouraged to maintain their own identities and cultures.
Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are Canada’s most diverse cities.

50. Maintaining a Canadian Identity
Today
Maintaining a Canadian Identity
Immigrants account for 70 percent of the Canadian workforce.
American movies, television programs, and music easily flow into Canada and dominate its media.
Carrying on a unique Canadian culture is important for the country.

51. Today

52. Is conflict unavoidable?
Today
Is conflict unavoidable?
Think back on everything you learned in the chapter. Use the graphic organizer to make notes about avoiding conflict. Use specific examples to explain your answer.