1. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 1 of 25 Objectives List the functions of teeth and gums. Identify two structural problems of the teeth and mouth. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Describe ways to prevent teeth and gum problems.

2. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 2 of 25 What changes can you make to take better care of your teeth? Switch to QuickTake version of the quiz. Quick Quiz How many of these statements accurately describe your behaviors? I brush my teeth at least twice a day. I floss my teeth every day. I go to the dentist at least once a year. I limit my intake of sugary foods. When I play a contact sport, I always wear a mouthguard.

3. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 3 of 25 Your teeth are important for many reasons. The Teeth and Gums Healthy teeth allow you to chew your food properly and speak clearly.

4. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 4 of 25 Enamel, the hardest material in your body, covers a tooth’s crown. Structure of Teeth Cementum covers a tooth’s root and helps to anchor the tooth to the jawbone. Under the enamel and cementum is dentin, a living material that makes up the majority of a tooth. A soft tissue called pulp fills the center of each tooth.

5. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 5 of 25 The gum is the pink tissue that surrounds the base of your teeth and covers the bone around the teeth. The Gums Healthy gums fit tightly around the neck of each tooth like a collar, holding it firmly in place.

6. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 6 of 25 Incisors Cut food into bite-sized pieces. Premolars Crush and grind food. Molars Crush and grind food. Canines Tear and slash food.

7. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 7 of 25 Crown Neck Root Blood vessels Root canal Cementum Nerve Gum Pulp Dentin Enamel

8. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 8 of 25 The changes that occur in the jaws throughout the growing years can lead to structural problems. Structural Problems Wisdom teeth usually grow in between the ages of 17 and 21.

9. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 9 of 25 When the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly, the condition is known as a malocclusion (mal uh KLOO zhun), or improper bite. Malocclusion A severe malocclusion can make chewing difficult or cause the teeth to wear down unevenly. Orthodontists (awr thuh DAHN tist) are specialists who correct the position of jaws and teeth.

10. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 10 of 25 Impacted wisdom teeth either do not have the space to emerge through the gum line or are positioned at an awkward angle. Impacted Wisdom Teeth If impacted wisdom teeth are not removed, they may crowd the other teeth and cause serious gum infections.

11. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 11 of 25 Failing to properly maintain your teeth and gums can cause mouth pain and halitosis, or bad breath. Caring for Your Teeth and Gums A healthy diet, proper tooth care, and regular dental checkups can prevent tooth decay and gum disease.

12. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 12 of 25 You should eat a well-balanced diet that is low in sugar. Healthy Diet Your diet should include foods that contain calcium and phosphorus—two minerals that help strengthen teeth.

13. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 13 of 25 Your mouth is full of bacteria that adhere to your teeth in a sticky film called plaque. Brushing Brush at least twice a day, preferably after every meal.

14. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 14 of 25 Dental floss removes food and plaque from areas that a toothbrush cannot reach. Flossing You should floss your teeth once a day.

15. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 15 of 25 Collisions can lead to broken or cracked teeth. Wearing a Mouthguard To prevent damage to your teeth during contact sports, wear a mouthguard.

16. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 16 of 25 Click above to go online. For: Updates on caring for your teeth

17. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 17 of 25 Sports Drinks, Soft Drinks, and Your Teeth Materials In this activity, you will observe how various drinks affect eggshells, which are composed of some of the same materials as your teeth. three plastic cups tape for labeling three large pieces of eggshell sports drink soft drink water

18. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 18 of 25 Sports Drinks, Soft Drinks, and Your Teeth After three days, discard the liquids and examine each eggshell. Pour some of the sports drink into the appropriate cup. Pour the same amount of soft drink into the second cup and water into the third. Label the first cup “sports drink,” the second cup “soft drink,” and the third cup “water.” Place a piece of eggshell in each cup. Try This

19. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 19 of 25 Sports Drinks, Soft Drinks, and Your Teeth Compare the effects of the sports drink and soft drink. Was there any difference? Think and Discuss Considering that teeth and eggshells are composed of similar materials, what did you learn about the effects of these drinks on teeth? Describe the appearance of each eggshell after three days.

20. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 20 of 25 Having regular dental checkups, about twice a year, can identify problems before they become painful or hard to treat. Dental Checkups Because of checkups and other preventive care, young people today generally have fewer cavities than their parents did at the same age. Some people also visit their dentist to discuss teeth whitening.

21. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 21 of 25 When the enamel is broken down, a tiny hole, or cavity, forms. Treating Tooth Decay To repair a cavity, a dentist uses a drill to remove the decay and bacteria and then fills the hole. If not treated, the decay can spread through all the layers of the tooth and eventually into the root. During root canal therapy, the dentist removes the infected pulp and replaces it with a rubber-like material.

22. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 22 of 25 Plaque hardens into a material called tartar, which irritates the gums. Treating Gum Disease The gum irritation caused by plaque and tartar eventually can lead to periodontal disease, or gum disease. Periodontal disease can be treated surgically by dentists who specialize in gum disease. Tartar Pocket Gum

23. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 23 of 25 Vocabulary enamelThe material, which is harder than bone, that covers a tooth’s crown. cementumThe hard material that covers a tooth’s root. dentinThe living material beneath enamel and cementum that makes up most of a tooth. pulpThe soft tissue that fills the center of each tooth. malocclusionA condition in which the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly. orthodontistA specialist who corrects the position of jaws and teeth.

24. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 24 of 25 Vocabulary halitosisBad breath. plaqueA sticky film containing bacteria that adheres to teeth. tartarA hardened form of plaque that irritates the gums. periodontal disease Gum disease that can lead to tooth loss.

25. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 25 of 25 QuickTake Quiz Click to start quiz.

26. Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 26 of 25 End of Section 14.1 Click on this slide to end this presentation.