1. Understanding Computers
Exploring Computer Concepts
Overview
Understanding Computers

2. There are 4 Basic Functions of a computer:
The computing system includes several devices that perform the four basic functions of computing:
Input – accepts data
Processing – processes data
Output – produces output
Storage – stores operating
system and results

3. Some Basic Terms Hardware - the physical parts of the computer.
Software - the programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do.
Data - individual facts like first name, price, quantity ordered.
Information - data which has been massaged into a useful form, like a complete mailing address.
Default - the original settings; what will happen if you don't change anything.

4. What makes a computer powerful and determines its cost?
Speed - A computer can do billions of actions per second.
Reliability - Failures are usually due to human error, one way or another.
Storage - A computer can keep huge amounts of data.

5. What is a computer?
What is a computer – computer basics video

6. Hardware
Hardware: The physical parts of the computer.

8. Buttons and Ports on the Computer Hardware
What is on the front of the computer? Buttons and Ports on the Desktop Computer video

9. Back of the computer
Interactive

10. Other Types of Ports Interactive demonstration –
Practice connecting the different cables

11. 1. Input – goes into the computer
One Function of a computer is:
Input – accepts data

12. Types of Input Data - raw facts given to the computer.
Programs are the sets of instructions that direct the computer.
Commands are special codes or key words that the user inputs to perform a task, like RUN "ACCOUNTS." These can be selected from a menu of commands like "Open" on the File menu. They may also be chosen by clicking on a command button.
User response is the user's answer to the computer's question, such as choosing OK, YES, or NO or by typing in text, like the name of a file.

13. Ways to Input (Input Devices)
Keyboard
Text and Commands
Mouse
Scanner
Microphone
Sound
Trackball
Joystick

14. Inside the Computer
What goes on inside of your computer? Play the video “Inside a desktop computer”

15. 2. Process – Thinking One Function of a computer is:
Process – processes data

16. Processing
Processing is the thinking that the computer does - the calculations, comparisons, and decisions.
Machines have to think the hard way. They do one thing at a time, one step at a time. Complex procedures must be broken down into VERY simple steps. Then these steps can be repeated hundreds, thousands or millions of times.

17. Processing Devices CPU
The CPU is a chip inside the computer that receives data from input devices and changes it into a form that you can use.
RAM
Random Access Memory. It is temporary memory and is lost when the computer is turned off. (READS AND WRITES)
ROM
ROM is Read Only Memory. ROM contains the instructions that start the computer when it is turned on. ROM is permanent memory.
The instruction for devices.

18. Difference between ROM and RAM

19. Inside the Computer
Data travels from one device to another through the computer’s motherboard.
The motherboard is covered with electronic circuits and switches and connects vital pieces of hardware, such as the CPU and memory.

20. Software
Software - the programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do.

21. Computer Applications or APPS

22. Applications
An application is another word for a program running on the computer. Whether or not it is a good application depends on how well it performs the tasks it is designed to do and how easy it is for the user to use. That involves the user interface - the way the user tells the software what to do and how the computer displays information and options to the user.

23. Word Processing – Word Doc Spreadsheets - Excel Database - Access
Common applications
Word Processing – Word Doc
Spreadsheets - Excel
Database - Access
Presentations - PowerPoint

24. 3. OUTPUT -produces something
One function of the computer
Output: produces some type of output from the computer

25. Output Text documents including reports, letters, etc.
Graphics charts, graphs, pictures
Multimedia combination of text, graphics, video, audio

26. Output Devices
Monitor
Printer
Headphones
Speakers

27. Touch Screen Input & output device
Touch-sensitive display screen on which a user can make choices by pressing button images
Touch Screen

28. 4. Storage – saving One Function of a computer is:
Storage – stores operating system and results

29. Storage
Storage refers to the media and methods used to keep information available for later use. Some things will be needed right away, while other won't be needed for extended periods of time. So different methods are appropriate for different uses.
Main Memory = Primary Storage

30. Storage Devices Magnetic media Optical media Flash Media Hard Drive
Zip drives
Floppy drives
Optical media
CD-ROM
DVD drives
Flash Media
USB Drives
Flash Drives

31. Auxiliary Storage Devices
Jump or Flash Drive
External Hard Drive CD
DVD
Tape

32. Primary and Secondary Storage
RAM: Very fast, but loses data when computer is turned off.
ROM: Starts the computer when it is turned on. Does not change after being placed on the Motherboard.
Secondary
Magnetic Media – Hard Drive: Large, not easily moved from one machine to another.
Floppy Disk: Easy to move, but cannot hold much data.
Zip, SuperDisk, Jazz: Both large and portable.
Optical Media– CD-ROM and DVD: Large, portable, but not all drives can write data to disc.

33. System Software Operating Systems Utility Programs
System software is a catch-all term for the programs that handle the running of your computer's hardware. The two main categories are:
Operating Systems
Utility Programs

34. Operating System
Between the hardware and the application software lies the operating system.
The operating system tells a computer how to do its work.
The operating system is a program that conducts the communication between the various pieces of hardware like the video card, sound card, printer, the motherboard and the applications.

35. Operating System

36. Most popular operating systems
Microsoft Windows
Macintosh OS
Linux

37. Computer Programs What is a computer program?
Simply put, a computer program is a set of detailed directions telling the computer exactly what to do, one step at a time. A program can be as short as one line of code, or as long as several millions lines of code.
The instructions that a programmer writes is called source code.

38. Computer Programs
Most computers are not just digital, but binary, too. That is, they recognize two possible values – on and off. Binary data is represented by 0’s and 1’s.
Programmers write the software needed to tell the computer how to carry out instructions. Programmers use a special language called programming language.

39. Some Examples of Programming Languages
ABAP
BASIC
COBOL
C++
FORTRAN
Java / JavaScript
Lisp
Pascal
Visual Basic

40. The Cloud – storage

41. Computer Communication
Computer communication is the transmission of data and information over a communications channel between two computers, which can be several different things.
Communications between computers can be as simple as cabling two computers to the same printer. It can be as complex as a computer at NASA sending messages through an elaborate system of relays and satellites to tell a computer on Mars how to drive around without hitting the rocks.

42. Wireless & Mobile Devices
Laptop
Small, mobile personal computer that runs on a single battery or AC/DC adapter
PDA
Personal Digital Assistant; used for calculations, clocks, calendars, games, Internet, , radio, etc.; characterized by touch screens
Tablet
Notebook- or Slate-shaped mobile computer; touch screen operated with a stylus or digital pen
Smartphone
Integrates the functionality of a mobile phone with a PDA
Wireless & Mobile Devices

43. What are the 4 functions of a computer?

44. 4 Basic Functions
The computing system includes several devices that perform the four basic functions of computing:
Input – accepts data
Processing – processes data
Output – produces output
Storage – stores operating
system and results

45. Basic Networking Terms

46. Basic Networking Components
Server – a computer program that provides services to other computer programs.
Network interface card (NIC) – it makes the connection between the computer and the network cable.

47. Basic Networking Components
Router – a device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
Switch – an electrical component that interrupts current.
Firewall – software or hardware controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

48. Warriors of the Internet

49. Check out the WEBSITE for Review