1. Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
5.3 Representative groups

2. The Modern Periodic Table
Section 5.2
The Modern Periodic Table

3. The Modern Periodic Table
“Periodic” - Repeating patterns
Listed in order of increasing number of protons (atomic #)
Properties of elements repeat
Periodic Law- when elements arranged by increasing number of protons, properties repeat in pattern

4. Columns in the Periodic Table
-vertical (up & down)
-called groups or families
-#ed 1-18 or 1A through 8A
-elements in same family have similar properties

5. Rows in the Periodic Table
-horizontal (left – right)
-called a period
-properties change greatly across period
-first element in period is very active metal
-last element in most periods is noble gas
-7 periods (number them on your periodic table)

7. 6 C Carbon 12.01 For example: Carbon has atomic # 6
Element Key
Important information about an element is given in each square of the periodic table:
its atomic number
chemical symbol
element name
average atomic mass
6 C Carbon 12.01
For example:
Carbon has atomic # 6
(or has 6 protons), an average atomic mass of and a symbol of C

8. Atomic Mass
Atomic mass is a value that depends on the masses of an element’s isotopes and how common they are in nature.
Two isotopes of copper
72% copper-63
28% copper-65
Makes the average amu

9. Determining Average Atomic Mass
Copper-63 (mass is 63) is 72% abundant
Copper-65 (mass is 65) is 28% abundant
Convert percent to a decimal (move decimal 2 places left)
Multiply decimal by the mass
Add the two together
63*0.72 = *0.28 = 18.2
= 63.5 average atomic mass

10. Metals Most solids (Hg is liquid) Luster – shiny.
Ductile – drawn into thin wires.
Malleable – hammered into sheets.
Conductors of heat and electricity.
Include transition metals – “bridge” between elements on left & right of table

11. Non-Metals Properties are generally opposite of metals
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Low boiling points
Many are gases at room temperature
Solid, non-metals are brittle (break easily)
Chemical properties vary

12. Metalloids stair-step pattern
Have properties similar to metals and non-metals
Ability to conduct heat and electricity varies with temp
Better than non-metals but not metals

13. Variation Across a Period: Left to Right
Physical and Chemical properties
Atomic size decreases
Metallic properties decrease
Ability to lose an electron decreases
Ability to gain electrons increases

15. Representative Groups
Section 5.3
Representative Groups
Hip Hop Classroom
The Elements

16. What are Valence electrons?
outermost e-’s
Responsible for chem props
Elements in same group…
same # of VE
ALL atoms want full outer
energy level (usually 8 VE)
To get full outer energy level, some elements:
lose e- (metals)
gain e- (non-metals)
share electrons (some non-metals & metalloids)

17. Introducing the ten major groups (families) on the modern Periodic Table:

18. Alkali Metals - 1 valence electron (VE)
potassium
- 1 valence electron (VE)
- soft, silver-white, shiny metals
never found pure
most reactive metals
Reactivity increases down group
reactivity increases

19. Label the Alkali Metals to your PT

20. Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 VE - not as reactive as alkali metals
magnesium
- 2 VE
- not as reactive as alkali metals
often mixed with Al
forms strong/light weight alloys

21. Alkaline Earth Metals Magnesium Calcium
Used to make steel (light metal w/o losing strength)
photosynthesis (chlorophyll)
Calcium
bones & teeth
Chalk, limestone, pearls, plaster

22. Label the Alkaline Earth Metals to your PT

23. Boron Family -3 VE Boron Hard/brittle never found pure in nature
in borax...used to make detergents & cosmetics

24. Boron Family 13 Al Aluminum 26.98 Aluminum
most abundant metal in earth’s crust
important metal for industry
light, strong, slow to corrode
13 Al Aluminum 26.98

25. Label the Boron Family on your PT

26. Carbon Family 4 VE Can gain 4 e-, lose 4 e-, or share e-
silicon
4 VE
Can gain 4 e-, lose 4 e-, or share e-
Most compounds in body contain C
Si 2nd most abundant element in Earth’s crust
Si used to tip saw blades

27. Label the Carbon Family on your PT

28. Nitrogen Family 5 VE Tend to gain 3 e- N and P used in fertilizers
Arsenic
5 VE
Tend to gain 3 e-
N and P used in fertilizers
P on tips of matches

29. Label the Nitrogen Family on your PT

30. Oxygen Family 6 VE Tend to gain 2 e- O very abundant element
sulfur
Oxygen Family
6 VE
Tend to gain 2 e-
O very abundant element
S used in fertilizers
O needed for digestion

31. Label the Oxygen Family on your PT

32. Halogen Family (“salt-former”)
-7 VE
-most active nonmetals
-never found pure in nature
-react with alkali metals easily (forms salts)
-F most active halogen

33. F compounds in toothpaste Cl kills bacteria
Halogens cont…
bromine
F compounds in toothpaste
Cl kills bacteria
I keeps thyroid gland working properly

34. Label the Halogen Group on your Periodic Table

35. The Noble Gases (Inert Gases)
Neon
- non-reactive
outermost e- shell is full (8 VE)
In “neon” lights
-in earth’s atmosphere (less than 1%)

36. Label the Noble Gases on your Periodic Table

37. Transition Metals ductile, malleable, conductors
mercury
Almost all solids at room temp (Hg exception)
ductile, malleable, conductors
VE varies
Less Reactive than Groups 1 & 2
Fe, Co, and Ni produce magnetic field

38. Label the Transition Metals on your periodic table

39. Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide series (period 6)
uranium
Lanthanide series (period 6)
Actinide Series (period 7)
Some radioactive
Separated from table to make easy to read/print
silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
Conduct electricity

40. Label the Lanthanide Series on your PT

41. Label the Actinide Series on your PT

42. You may watch more videos about the elements at:
or sing along at:
elemental funkiness - Mark Rosengarten
hip hop classroom