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Published byAmie Walton Modified over 9 years ago
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Unification of Japan Late 1400’s- Collapse of Ashikaga Shogunate
Period of the Warring States Unification occurred under three powerful figures: Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa
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Unification of Japan Oda Nobunaga
Seized Kyoto and placed reigning shogun under his rule Battle of Nagashino - use of gunpowder weapons Nobunaga murdered by one of his generals Oda Nobunaga
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Unification of Japan Toyotomi Hideyoshi - succeeded Nobunaga
Extended lands to include Kyushu and Shikoku Two attempts to invade Korea Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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Unification of Japan Both Nobunaga and Hideyoshi used gunpowder weapons to gain power Both unable to totally subjugate daimyo Both had to create alliances with daimyo to gain power and hold / administer territory A gathering of Daimyo
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Unification of Japan Tokugawa Ieyasu took control after death of Hideyoshi in 1598 Tokugawa powerful daimyo of Edo Claimed title of Shogun in 1603 Tokugawa Shogunate most powerful and longest-lasting (1868) Tokugawa Ieyasu
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Shogun viewing heads of enemies
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Interaction with the West
First contact by Portuguese in 1543 Arrival of Jesuit missionaries Francis Xavier Focus on top down conversions
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Interaction with the West
Foreigners welcomed at first Novelty items- clocks, eyeglasses, and tobacco Jesuit missionaries converted many local daimyo to Christianity. By 1600, much of Kyushu and Shikoku were Christian. Christianity used to offset power of Buddhists
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Interaction with the West
Daimyo interested in gunpowder weapons Gunpowder influenced architecture- as daimyo built stone castles Eventual banishment of gunpowder weapons and return to the cult of the sword
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Interaction with the West
Missionaries destroyed Japanese shrines and temples Christians persecuted by Hideyoshi- banned by Tokugawa Japanese Christian revolts ruthlessly suppressed Dutch only Western nation allowed to trade with Japan- limited basis at Nagasaki
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Tokugawa Shogunate Tokugawa shogun ruled over Japanese semi-feudal system Shogun set policy for the emperor State separated into 250 provinces called Hans. Each Han ruled by a daimyo.
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Tokugawa Shogunate Two levels of Daimyo:
Fudai – (inside) lesser nobility directly subordinate to the shogun Tozama – (outside) greater and more independent nobilty, usually residing at greater distance from shogun
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Tokugawa Japan Shogun controlled nobility through hostage system
Peace under shogun lessened need for warrior class Many samurai became managers of daimyo estates Samurai
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Commerce Peace under shogunate allowed expansion of commercial sector
Business beneath them, but many daimyo forced to promote sale of goods to bring in revenue Japanese market
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Commerce Banks formed Use of paper money
Establishment of guilds to regulate the markets
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Samurai Did not benefit from peace Barred from commerce by tradition
Relied on rice lands for income Many debt-ridden
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Samurai Many samurai released from service- became masterless or ronin
Ronin became problem due to plots and revolts
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Agriculture Farmers did not benefit from peace
High taxes forced many from their lands Tenant farming Wage laborers Revolts- 7,000 revolts in Tokugawa period Rice farming
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Tokugawa Japan Japan chose isolation
Neo-Confucianism replaced by the School of National Learning- philosophy based on native Japanese culture
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Tokugawa Japan Unlike scholar-gentry, Japanese did not ignore outside world Kept informed of outside events through Dutch trade at Nagasaki Japanese scribe
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