1. The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam 11

2. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. Japan and Its Neighbors

3. Japan: Land of the Rising Sun  Main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku  Importance of geography  Importance of being an island country  A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan  Creation myth Marriage of Izanagi and Izanami Birth of Amaterasu – Sun goddess Descendant of Amaterasu founded Japan  Jomon people, 10,000 years ago Hunters and gatherers Agriculture appeared sometime during the first millennium B.C.E.  Yayoi culture Mixture of Jomon and new arrivals First lived on Kyushu and later Honshu Tribal society based on clans (uji) in central Honshu

5. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. Early Japan

6. Rise of the Japanese State  Yamoto state  Two methods to deal with Chinese threat  Shotoku Taishi (572-622) Missions to Tang China to learn about the centralized kingdom  Emulating the Chinese Model  Reforms Centralized government under a supreme rule Merit system for public officials  Taika reforms continued movement toward centralized rule  Interest in Buddhism  Nara Period  Nara Period (710-784) Fujiwara clan married into the ruling Yamato family Chinese state model

8. Heian (Kyoto) Period (794-1185)  Fujiwara clan had the real power, senior member of the family serves as regent  Decentralized political system  Shoen (tax exempt) farmland  Emergence of the samurai (military retainer)  Bushido warrior code

10. Kamakura Shogunate (1185- 1333)  Minamoto Yoritomo (1142-1199)  Bakufu (tent government)  shogun (general)  Shogunate system  Mongols  Khubilai Khan demands tribute, 1266  Japan invaded twice by the Mongols Kamikaze (Divine Wind)  Kamakura shogunate weakened and overthrown  Ashikaga shogun  Power to local landed aristocracy, daimyo  Onin War (1467-1477)

12. Economic and Social Structures  Noble control of land, wealth in agriculture  Commerce slow to develop  Trade and manufacturing developed more rapidly in Kamakura period and the Ashikaga shogunate

13. Daily life  Most were peasants who worked the land owned by the lord  Under the authority of local officials  Dispose of harvest as they saw fit after taxes paid Genin, landless laborers eta, hereditary slaves  Daily life was similar to others peoples in Asia shoen, several villages Life was difficult  Women in Japan Had rights in early Japan When introduced Buddhism relegated women to a subordinate position Nevertheless, played a role in all levels of society

15. In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early Japan  Shinto  Kami, nature spirits  Ancestor worship  Physical purity and its relationship to women  Nature and beauty  State doctrine linked to divinity belief about emperor and the sacredness of Japan  Buddhism, 6th century B.C.E.  Jodo, Pure land  Zen  Zen teaches ways to achieve Satori, enlightenment  Zazen, scripture study and self-discipline

17. Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture  Literature  Adapted Chinese writing system  Poetry and prose Haiku Women prolific writers of prose  No, drama  Art and Architecture  Art Search for beauty; hand scrolls, screens, other works Nature themes dominated; search for emotional response  Kamakura Period (1185-1333)  Zen Buddhism  Landscape  Tea ceremony

19. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. Japan, China, and Korea, 600- 800

20. Japan and the Chinese Model  Consequences of isolation  Lack of knowledge form the outside delayed the process of change  Importance of geography  Spared destructive invasions  Decentralized political forces remained dominant

22. Korea’s Three Kingdoms

24. Korea: Bridge to the East  Farming began about 2000 B.C.E.  Chinese influence and rule  Three Kingdoms (4th-7th centuries)  Koguryo -- influenced by China, Buddhism, and Confucianism  Paekche  Silla -- dominant power  The Rise of the Koryo Dynasty  Koryo dynasty  Social structure  Buddhism  Under the Mongols  Seized in the thirteenth century  Forced labor for the peasants  Introduced Chinese ideas and technology  Yi dynasty, 1392

26. Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon  Irrigated agriculture in area of the Red River  Conflict with the Qin and Han empires in China  Trung Sisters Revolt, 39 C.E.  Chinese regain control  The Rise of Great Viet  Overthrow of Chinese rule  Expansion  The Chinese Legacy Following the Confucian model Spread of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism Borrowed from Chinese for literature  Society and Family Life Borrowed the Confucian system and the civil service examination Peasant masses Growing emphasis on male domination Strong tradition of heroic women

28. Discussion Questions  How did geography and climate affect the development of Japan?  What were the main characteristics of the political development of early Japan?  How was Japanese daily life like the early life in China? How was it different?  Trace the development of religion in early Japan.  What was the relationship between early Japan and its neighbors in Eastern Asia?