1. From Just Do It: To Considerations for Ensuring All Children Benefit from Inclusion Diane Bricker, Ph.D. University of Oregon

2. Presentation Overview Historical Perspective Definitions Complexity Factors Resources

3. History 1970’s work at Peabody College 1980’s-1990’s integrated programs Late 1990’s-2000’s questions arise Current status

4. Definitions Variety of terms used Salient features are: – Placing children together – Organized service – Conditions of equal access and diversity – Maximize developmental/social gains – All children benefit

5. Inclusion Complexity Variability of people, settings, goals, resources Lamorey & Bricker review Successful programs located in universities Application of current scientific paradigm – Random assignment – Comparison which necessitate equal conditions

6. Proposed Shift in Conception of Inclusion From evidence-based practice Accept as a value Focus shifts to: – Developmental growth of individual children – Social interactions – Staff and caregiver satisfaction – Efficient and effective use of resources

7. Accountability Track progress toward goals Examine social interactions Measure staff/parental satisfaction Evaluate resource use

8. Factors Program goals Child status Parental attitude and accommodations Staff experience and expertise Resources

9. Program Goals Should reflect a commitment to inclusive practice – Add a goal – Modify existing goal

10. Child Status Establish guidelines for child variability Focus is on serving all children

11. Parental Attitude and Accommodations Parental attitude Parental accommodations

12. Staff Expertise and Experience Lack of expertise with disabilities Training the greatest need

13. Resources and Support Administrative support Support from specialists

14. Resources Inclusion in early childhood By Allen & Cowdery, 2005 Blended practices By Grisham-Brown, Hemmeter & Prettie- Frontczak, 2005 www.dec-sped.org www.weac.org/issues http://community.fpg.unc.edu

15. Summary From just do it To careful consideration of how to do it successfully for all children