1. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Exercise and Sport Nutrition Chapter 6

2. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine What is Exercise and Sport Nutrition? Promotion of optimal intake of nutrients for tissue maintenance, repair, and growth and for providing the body with sufficient energy without an excess energy intake Optimal nutrient intake can: –Reduce the risk of disease conditions –Enhance sport and athletic performance

3. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine What is Exercise and Sport Nutrition? The relationship between nutritional intake and several disease conditions

4. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine What is Exercise and Sport Nutrition?

5. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Development of Nutrition for Health Early influences –Experiments lead to an understanding of proper iron and protein intake –Development of procedures for measuring energy expenditure Recent influences –Epidemiological studies such as Framingham Heart Study and NHANES –Formation of the American Dietetic Association (ADA)

6. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Development of Nutrition for Health

7. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Development of Nutrition for Sport Early influences –Importance of consumption of protein and carbohydrate for improved performance Recent influences –Development of the muscle biopsy procedure –Performance enhancement following consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements

8. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrients for Health and Performance

9. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrients for Health and Performance Complex carbohydrates

10. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrients for Health and Performance Different sources of dietary protein

11. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Measuring Nutritional Intake Dietary Recall –Individual reports intake over the previous 24-hour period Dietary Record –Individual records the types and amounts of foods consumed over a time period (e.g. 3 or 7 days)

12. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Measuring Nutritional Intake

13. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Health Epidemiology studies have demonstrated relationships between diet and increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and certain forms of cancer Nutritional programs –D.A.S.H. –Fruits & Veggies More Matters –We Can! –FRESH START

14. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Health

15. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Health Dietary Guidelines for Health –Updated every 5 years –USDA Food Guide –Dietary reference intake (DRI)

16. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Current Nutritional Issues for Health Role of macronutrient content on weight management Development of educational strategies for promoting healthy eating Role of high glycemic index foods on disease risk Vitamin and mineral supplements in preventing chronic disease Herbal supplements and health and disease risk

17. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance Carbohydrate Intake –Blood glucose and muscle glycogen provide energy for exercise –Important during moderate to high intensity exercise –Sufficient carbohydrate intake is necessary to: Replenish muscle glycogen levels following training Create an anabolic environment that promotes muscle repair and protein synthesis

18. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance

19. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance Consumption of adequate amounts and types of protein is important for ensuring the optimal performance Probably best to consume protein in several meals throughout the day –amino acids are readily available to the body tissues for continued protein synthesis Processed protein supplements are used by athletes as an economical and convenient source of dietary protein

20. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance

21. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance Factors affecting daily protein requirements

22. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance Vitamin and Mineral Intake –Vitamins play important roles in energy production and tissue metabolism –Minerals are important component of metabolic reactions in the body (e.g. energy production and muscle contraction)

23. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance

24. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance Hydration Status and Fluid Replacement –Loss of 2% of total body water can impact performance –Electrolytes are lost predominately in sweat –Reduction in electrolytes can impair performance

25. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance

26. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance Ergogenic aids –Substances that improve performance during training or competition –Biomechanical –Nutritional –Pharmacologic –Physiologic –Psychological

27. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Nutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance

28. Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Summary Exercise and sport nutrition can be used to enhance health, reduce the risk for disease, and improve sport and athletic performance.