2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | 1 Organic Chemistry - Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. It’s the most versatile element on the table! Animals, plants, and other forms of life consist of organic compounds. –Nucleic acids, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins, and hormones are all organic compounds. Intro

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | 2 Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are the most simple organic compounds. Hydrocarbons contain only carbon (C) and hydrogen. (H) Section 14.2

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | 3 Alkanes Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are said to be saturated hydrocarbons –The have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. Alkane general formula  C n H (2n + 2) The names of alkanes all end in “-ane.” Section 14.3

5. A New Naming System!!! The prefix for an alkane is important. It tells us how many carbons are part of the molecule. 1 Carbon = “Meth”6 Carbons = “Hex” 2 Carbons = “Eth” 7 Carbons = “Hept” 3 Carbons = “Prop”8 Carbons = “Oct” 4 Carbons = “But”9 Carbons = “Non” 5 Carbons = “Pent”10 Carbons = “Dec” Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | 4

6. Mnemonic for First Four Prefixes First four prefixes Meth- Eth- Prop- But- Monkeys Eat Peeled Bananas

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | 6 Alkanes – What are they good for? Methane = primary component of natural gas Propane & Butane = primary component of bottled gas Gasoline = pentane to decane Kerosene = alkanes with n = 10 to 16 Alkanes with n > 16  diesel fuel, fuel oil, petroleum jelly, paraffin wax, lubricating oil, and asphalt Alkanes are found in paints, plastics, drugs, detergents, insecticides, and cosmetics. Section 14.3

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | 7 Section 14.3

9. Timberlake LecturePLUS Complete Structural Formulas Show the bonds between each of the atoms H H  H  C  HH C H  H H CH 4, methane

10. H HCondensed Structural Formulas H C C HCH 3 CH 3 H HEthane H H H H C C C HCH 3 CH 2 CH 3 H H H Propane

11. Practice – Naming! Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | 10 A. What is the condensed formula for H H H H H C C C C H H H H H B. What is its molecular formula? C. What is its name?