3.  100 Years War and Black Death  Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church  Corruption within the Catholic Church

4.  Prior to the Reformation all Christians in Europe were Roman Catholic  The REFORMation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church  People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people ’ s faith in the church

5.  In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions  The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of new Protestant religions

7.  Martin Luther  John Calvin  Henry VIII

8.  Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany  Father encouraged him to study law  A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

9.  He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven  He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort  In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

10. “ The righteous shall by his faith... ” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

11.  A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)  Written in Latin, not German  He criticized:  The Power of the Pope  The Extreme Wealth of the Church  Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

12.  Gutenberg ’ s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs  He posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany  He gained support from people and criticism from Church

13. The first thing printed on Gutenberg ’ s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg ’ s Bibles.

14.  The Diet of Worms Yuck!  (was a council of clergy who met in Worms, {pronounced Varms} Germany to judge Luther)  1520 Pope Leo X orders Luther to give up his beliefs  Luther burned the order and was excommunicated  Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

15.  He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

17. 500 years earlier… Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV begged Pope Gregory VII to rescind his excommunication! How times change… or not…

18. 500 years earlier, the Bishop of Constantinople had not been afraid of the Bishop of Rome’s excommunication, saying there was nothing in the Bible about this power. This led to the Great Schism.

19.  Some Local German Churches accepted Luther ’ s ideas  Lutheranism was formed  Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “ protest ” against the Church for suppressing the reforms  The reformers came to be known as PROTESTants - Protestants

20. William Tyndale was burned at the stake because he translated the Bible into English. Catholic Church did not approve of the Bible written in the vernacular.

21. “ May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times. ” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

22.  Anti-Catholic  Influenced by Martin Luther  Disagreed with Luther ’ s “ Salvation through faith alone. ”  Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

23.  Calvin believed in:  Salvation through Predestination  Before your birth, God knows if you will go to heaven or hell

24.  Foreknowledge  God knows everything that will happen in your life  Purified approach to life:  No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

25.  Started in Switzerland – Calvinists  England = Puritans  Scotland = Presbyterians  Holland = Dutch Reform  France = Huguenots  Germany = Reform Church

26. Puritan Hugeunots Presbyterian

28. King Henry VIII of England Strong supporter of Catholic Church Married Spanish princess Catherine. They had a daughter (Mary). Wanted a divorce so he could remarry and have a son.

29. Henry and Catherine

30. Church denies Henry the Divorce he seeks! Why? 1. She was married to his older brother and so is technically his sister in the eyes of the Church. 2. The Church had made an exception and granted H. permission to marry C. after she swore she was a virgin when she married H. (Since his brother was sick and died early in their marriage) 3. Church will not change its mind.

31. Henry separates from Catholic Church! 1. Makes himself the head of the Church of England. Keeps wealth that had previously gone to the Roman Catholic church. 2. Divorces Catherine. 3. Marries Anne Boleyn- a strong Protestant supporter. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3m6iSe_xsPM